Chapter 1: Intro to computers and programming (1.1-1.3)
A nonvolatile type of memory, and it is typically used to store programs that are important for the system's operation.
ROM(read-only memory)
The individual instructions that you use to write a program in a high-level programming language.
Statements
A ______ is a set of well-defined logical steps that must be taken to perform a task.
Algorithm
The first line of a module/function definition is called__________
header
Real numbers are encoded in _____
floating-point notation
Today, CPU are small chips known as ___________. They are also much powerful than the old electro-mechanical CPUs in early computers.
Microprocessors
A computer's CPU can only understand instructions that are written in ________________
machine language
A single function that a program must perform in order to satisfy the customer.
software requirement
The term bit stands for ______
binary digit.
Secondary storage that has no moving parts and operates faster than a traditional disk drive.
Solid state drives
The cycle, which consists of three steps, is repeated for each instruction in the program.
fetch-decode-execute cycle
What is a flowchart? What are the symbols and their meanings?
Flow charts are another tool that programmers use to design programs.
1. ovals are terminal symbols
2. parallelograms are input and output symbols
3. Rectangles processing symbols.
4. arrows are connector symbols
Negative numbers are encoded in a technique known as ___________
two's complement
The assigned value of the position of each digit in a byte.
128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1
27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20
Is the CPU smart? Explain your answer.
No. It does exactly what you tell it to do, and it does it fast.
What is pseudocode? Give some examples.
Pseudocode is fake code.
It is an informal language that has no syntax rules, and it is not meant to be compiled or executed.
It is used to to create models, or "mock-ups" of programs.
Ex.
Set grossPay = hours * payRate
Why do global variables make a program hard to debug?
Any statement can change the value of a global variable.
Images from digital cameras are composed of tiny dots of color known as ________. The terms also stands for picture element.
pixels
List the 5 major components of a typical computer system.
1. CPU (central processing unit)
2. Main memory
3. Secondary storage devices
4. Input devices
5. Output devices
What are the two main types of software? Explain and give examples for each.
1. System software
operating systems
utility programs
software development tools
2.Application software
Variable name for the number of hours studied by a student in CTP115 at AACC who lives in Arnold.
Declare and initialize this variable in two lines in pseudocode.
(Answers will vary)
Declare Real numberHoursStudied
Set numberHoursStudied = 0
How do modules and functions help you reuse code in a program?
Answers may vary.
Specific orientation may be repeated.
Example program that is stored in ROM.
(Answers may vary). Computer's startup program.