In-text Citations
What two elements must every in-text citation contain in Harvard style?
Author’s surname and year of publication.
What part of the book reference should be italicized in the reference list?
The book title.
How do you format the title of a chapter in an edited book?
Put the chapter title in single quotation marks, e.g., ‘Social learning’.
What should be italicized in a journal article reference?
The journal title.
What key details must be included when referencing a webpage with an author?
Author's name, year, title of the webpage (italicized), available at: URL, access date.
How do you cite a source with two authors in the text?
Include both authors’ surnames separated by “and”, e.g., (Smith and Jones, 2019).
What should be included after the author’s name in a book reference?
The year of publication in parentheses.
What two key pieces of information are needed in a book chapter reference that aren’t required for a book reference?
The author of the chapter and the editor(s) of the book.
Where do the volume and issue numbers go in a journal article reference?
After the journal title, with the volume italicized and the issue number in parentheses, e.g., Journal of Sociology, 15(2).
What should you do if the webpage has no publication date?
Use "(no date)" in place of the year, e.g., (no date).
When citing a direct quote, what additional information must be included in the in-text citation?
The page number, e.g., (Smith, 2020, p. 45).
What information should appear before the publisher?
Place of publication (e.g. London: Palgrave)
What page range format should be used for a book chapter in the reference list?
Include the page numbers in the format "pp. xx-xx", e.g., pp. 123-145.
How do you list six authors in a journal article reference?
List all authors, separated by commas, with "and" before the last author, e.g., Johnson, P., Smith, J., Brown, L., Davis, M., White, K. and Evans, A.
How do you reference an organization's webpage when there is no individual author?
Use the organization’s name as the author, e.g., United Nations (2020).
If the source has no author, what should be used in place of the author's name in the in-text citation?
Use the title of the work in italics or quotation marks, e.g., (Global Warming, 2020) or "Global Warming" (2020).
What is the correct order for referencing multiple authors in a book reference?
List authors by their surname, followed by initials, separated by commas, e.g., Smith, J., Brown, P., and Jones, L.
In what order should the details of a chapter in an edited book be presented?
Chapter author, year, chapter title, book editor(s), book title (italicized), publication details, page numbers, e.g., Davis, K. (2016) ‘Cultural anthropology’, in Black, M. and White, J. (eds.) Theories of social change. London: Palgrave, pp. 10-25.
What additional detail must be included if you're referencing an online journal article without a DOI?
The URL and the access date, e.g., Available at: www.example.com (Accessed: 12 August 2023).
How do you format a reference for an online video (e.g., from YouTube)?
Include the title of the video (italicized), the date it was posted, the platform, and the URL, e.g., Climate change in the 2020s (2019) YouTube. Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=example (Accessed: 10 April 2023).
How do you handle in-text citations when the same author has published multiple works in the same year?
Assign letters (a, b, c) to each work, e.g., (Smith, 2019a) and (Smith, 2019b).
How do you reference a book with two or more editions?
Include the edition number after the title in parentheses, e.g., Introduction to Sociology (3rd edn).
If the book has more than one editor, how do you list them in the reference?
List all editors with "(eds.)" after their names, e.g., Black, M. and White, J. (eds.).
How do you reference a journal article with no identified author?
Journal Title (Year) ‘Article title’, Volume(Issue), pp. page numbers. Available at: URL (Accessed Day Month Year).
How should you reference an online image that does not have an author or title?
Use the website’s title or the first few words of the image description as the reference, e.g., National Gallery (no date) Winter Landscape. Available at: www.nationalgallery.com (Accessed: 12 August 2023).