Buddhism and Hinduism
Abrahamic Religions
Architecture
Empires and Kings
Materials and Techniques
100
This site is said to safeguard some of the relics of the Buddha's remains
What is Sanchi Stupa, Great Stupa at Sanchi
100
For Christianity, the four Evangelists Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John wrote these texts, which make up the so-called New Testament
What are the gospels
100
What Roman civic architecture was adapted for the first Christian churches, like Old St Peter's
What is a basilica
100
The term for the Eastern half of the Roman Empire in the Middle Ages refers to the previous name of the city, Byzantium. When it is transformed by Constantine, it is renamed ________________.
What is Constantinople
100
This type of painting medium uses pigment mixed with egg yolk and water and is used by Cimabue and Giotto in their panel paintings.
What is tempera paint.
200
This concept in both Buddhism and Hinduism refers to the cycle of rebirth all hope to be released from upon attaining enlightenment
What is samsara
200
This carpet page from the Lindisfarne Gospels depicts this Hiberno-Saxon style interlacing in its pattern
What is zoomorphic interlacing
200
Many of the mosques from the Umayyad and Abbasid periods follow this type of plan, meaning held by many columns.
What is hypostyle
200
This announcement, proclaimed by Constantine, created toleration for the practice of Christianity within the Roman empire
What is the Edict of Milan
200
The material of this sculpture, known for its purple-red appearance, was also associated with imperial patrons.
What is porphyry.
300
This object embodies the belief of this god's role in the cycle of continual creation and destruction of the world
Who is Shiva
300
Seen prominently in this image, what symbol ties Justinian to Constantine?
What is the Chi-Rho
300
Innovations in Gothic architecture made the inclusion of lux nova possible with this characteristic feature of the style.
What is stained glass
300
This word for Islamic rulers, regarded as successors of Muhammad
What is a caliph
300
DAILY DOUBLE
For double points, give both words:
These patterns or pictures are made by embedding these--small pieces of stone or glass--in cement on surfaces such as walls or floors.
What are mosaics, made of tesserae
400
These voluptuous tree spirits guard the way to sacred Buddhist spaces, marking the environment with abundance and divinity
What are yakshi
400
The Kaaba is the most sacred site in Islam and it is towards this direction all Muslims orient their prayers
What is Mecca (Qibla for extra)
400
What is the lunette-shaped space above a portal called?
What is the typanum
400
One of the last equestrian monuments of antiquity, this portrait of Marcus Aurelius survives due to his mistaken identity for this Roman emperor.
Who is Constantine
400
Pigments are mixed with water and become chemically bound to the freshly laid lime plaster.
What is buon fresco, or good fresco
500
Which Hindu deity is the main subject of this narrative relief sculpture from the southside of the temple at Deogarh?
Who is Vishnu
500
The inclusion of the Virgin in the center of the scene reflects the popular belief of her as the __________, or Mother of God
What is the Theotokos
500
This architectural feature was used to make the dome appear to hover majestically atop a chain of windows
What are pendentives
500
DAILY DOUBLE
This object, mistakenly referred to as a tapestry, records the victory of which monarch?
Name both the object and the monarch.
What is the Bayeux Tapestry, William the Conquerer
500
A painting technique in which pigments are mixed with melted wax and applied to the surface while the mixture is hot.
What is encaustic.
600
Early images of the Buddha were aniconic and included these images of his past lives
What are jatakas
600
An almond-shaped background is used to indicate the figure of Christ or another sacred figure
What is a mandorla.
600
This architectural feature, a decorative blind arcade, can be found between the nave arcade and clerestory at Chartres Cathedral
What is the triforium
600
This church served as the burial site of medieval French kings and is considered the birthplace of the Gothic
What is St. Denis
600
Latin for “a place for writing,” books were copied and illuminated by scribes here.
What is a scriptorium
700
These gateways in the stone fence around a stupa are located at the cardinal points of the compass and depict narratives about the past lives of the Buddha
What are toranas
700
The period between 726-842 CE when there was an imperial ban on anthropomorphic religious images
What is Iconoclasm
700
In some mosques, a screened area such as this can be found in front of the mihrab reserved for a ruler
What is a maqsura
700
This Biblical narrative initiates the advent of a new religion, where the Angel Gabriel tells the Virgin she will give birth to Christ
What is the Annunciation
700
Originally understand as booty taken in war but also the re-use of earlier building material or decorative sculpture on new monuments
What are spolia
800
The Buddha can be identified through a variety of iconographic elements seen here, name just one.
The halo, urna, elongated earlobes, mudra gestures, and the ushnisha
800
The Dome of the Rock is said to be where this event occurred==where the Prophet Muhammad ascended to heaven
What is the Night Journey
800
Seen here in the vaults of the nave at Chartres Cathedral, this architectural feature adds a framework to strengthen the stability of the arches.
What are ribbed arches
800
In this Book of Hours, Pucelle uses this method to create sculptural figures in grey tones.
What is grisaille
800
This term refers to the use of light and shadow to produce the effect of three-dimensional modeling
What is chiaroscuro
900
These figures, identified through their elaborate clothing and jewelry, have chosen to delay their enlightenment until all others have achieved it
What are bodhisattvas
900
This semicircular niche is traditionally set into the qiblah wall (prayer wall) of a mosque to orient the direction towards Mecca
What is the mihrab
900
This architectural innovation, derived from triumphal arches, allowed Romanesque builders to create much taller churches, with thicker walls, and small windows.
What are barrel vaults
900
Sainte Chapelle, the Rayonnant royal chapel honors this sacred relic brought back to Paris from Constantinople by Louis IX
What are pieces of the crown of thorns
900
Italian for “day.” The section of plaster that a fresco painter expects to complete in one session.
What are giornate
1000
This aniconic depiction of the god Shiva celebrates the generative creation of male and female aspects of the universe
What is a linga (with yoni)
1000
All three religions have had aniconic representations dominate their visual culture through history, name one aniconic motif for each religion
What Menorahs, Stars, tablets, arc of the Covenant, Torah, Hebrew script for Judaism
Crosses and fish for Christianity
Calligraphy, arabesques (geometric and vegetal)
1000
What architectural space intersects with the nave at St. Sernin?
What is the transept
1000
DAILY DOUBLE
Byzantine Emperor Justinian, in his efforts to reunite both halves of the Roman Empire, built these two churches in their Eastern and Western capitals.
Name both churches and the cities they were built in
What are Hagia Sophia in Constantinople and San Vitale in Ravenna
1000
In the Arena Chapel, Giotto uses a method which gives the impression of recession in space by visual instinct, not by the use of an overall mathematical system
What is an intuitive perspective