It can only be discovered by looking at the contents of an argument.
What is an informal fallacy?
100
The item which I’m drawing an analogical conclusion about based on its similarity with other instances.
What is a secondary analogue?
100
This rule of inference can be illustrated by the following: If p, then q. Not q. Therefore, not p.
What is modus tollens?
100
This is kind of proposition is represented by the letter “A.”
What is the universal affirmative?
100
He could be responsible for our apparent perception of the external world, according to Descartes.
What is a malignant demon?
200
This happens when someone making an argument tries to get their reader to feel badly in order to win.
What is an appeal to pity?
200
This is added to evidence by an investigator, and not derived from it.
What is a hypothesis?
200
This rule of inference is illustrated by: If she’s a witch, then she’s made of wood. If she’s made of wood, then she floats. Therefore, if she’s a witch, then she floats.
What is hypothetical syllogism?
200
This principle is the basis for the difference between the Boolean and Aristotelian squares of opposition.
What is existential import?
200
They might accuse Socrates of “breaking the covenants and agreements which you made with us at your leisure.”
Who are the Laws?
300
When I argue against someone by misrepresenting their argument and distorting their claims, I commit this.
What is a straw man fallacy?
300
A material discovered in the nineteenth century which emits radiation at a much higher level than pure uranium.
What is radium?
300
This principle tells us that given a conjunction or disjunction, the order of components does not affect its truth value.
What is commutativity?
300
In the Boolean square, the relationship between an A and I proposition as well as an A and E proposition is this.
What is logically undetermined?
300
This is the view that because any claim we might put forward is subject to doubt, and we can only know what has no doubt, therefore, we cannot know anything.
What is radical skepticism?
400
This Latin term means that I’ve missed what is entailed by the premises of someone’s arguments.
What is ignoratio elenchi?
400
This principle is used to determine how well established a legal precedent is.
What is the number of primary analogues?
400
This principle tells us that if the same operator is used throughout a conjunction or disjunction, the placement of parentheses does not affect its truth value.
What is associativity?
400
This process transforms a categorical proposition by changing its quality and replacing the predicate with its term complement.
What is obversion?
400
Hume argues that in order to make a generalization, we need a principle that supports our generalizing, but this principle itself rests upon a generalization.
What is the problem of induction?
500
The fallacy of composition occurs when failing to distinguish between these ways of using predicates.
What are distributive and collective?
500
These kinds of legal cases are especially challenging because there is no clear precedent.
What are cases of first impression?
500
It is not true that both p and q is equivalent to not p or not q.
What is DeMorgan’s rule?
500
This faulty way of reasoning concludes from “some A are B” that “it is false that some A are not B.”
What is an illicit subcontrary?
500
Descartes utters this Latin phrase which describes what he can be sure of when he is thinking.