Terms
The way in which people sustain themselves
What is Subsistence?
A non-human entity that speaks truth (focused on yes or no questions)
What is an oracle?
List the ways of subsistence from least to most complex
Foraging, Pastoralism, Horticulture, Agriculture
The plant that is used to alter consciousness in Amazonian shamanism
Ayahuasca
The belief that everything (Rocks, Trees, People, ect.) has a "soul"
What is animism?
The culture we focus on in this class that practice witchcraft and is intertwined with everything they do
Who are the Azande?
Elman Services 4 types of political systems
What are Bands, Tribes, Chiefdoms, and States?
Neo-shamanism is a bastardization of indigenous practices by non-indigenous people. Dr. Homan refers to this as
What is "playing Indian"
Among the native Melanesian communities this is a man that earns respect in the community
What is a Big Man?
Someone that connects the spirit world to the mortal plane by entering into an altered state of consciousness.
What is a Shaman?
Where one is small scale with mixed crop fields the other is larger with single crop fields
What is the difference between horticulture and agriculture?
an amalgamation different belief in single practices - double points if you can give an example
What is syncretism?
Example: the intermingling between Christianity and indigonus practices in Mestizo Shamanism
enate power a persons soul has
Mana
Black bile that is found in witches in a specific commnity
Mangu
a society with an informal leader is called
What is acephalous?
The Achuar-Shiwiar have this as their staple crop
(Bonus points for why)
*It is high in carbohydrates, can be left in the ground without tending to and will continue to grow and preserve, also very filling.
A society were everyone is equal v.s. A society where people are in different positions of power but are given the same reasorces amongst the ranks v.s. A society where people are born into different stages of power and are treated as such
What is Egalitarian vs Ranked vs Stratified societies?
The main difference between Indigenous and Mestizo Shamanism is a focus on
What is the individual?
*Both the person and the shaman take psychedelics rather than just the shaman
levirate, ghost marriage, and woman-woman marriage
(Bonus points if you can tell me the difference)
What are the different types of marriage among the Nuer people?
levirate- Widow WITH CHILDREN marry the deceased husband’s brother to continue the patriline.
Ghost marriage- Widow WITHOUT CHILDREN marry the deceased husband’s brother all children from this marriage are considered the dead husband's
Woman-woman marriage- an infertile woman marries into a heterosexual relationship and there children become part of her patriline.
A secret fifth way of subsistence that is the most complex and labor intensive
What is industrialism