Ecology
What is a biome
a large region that shares similar climate and types of vegetation
Adaptations can be physical or ___.
cultural (or regulatory)
TEK stands for...
Traditional Ecological Knowledge, the idea that people who have multiple generations of experience in an ecosystem also have important knowledge about it, exact definitions vary according to Whyte, one of multiple terms that include LEK and ILK
Rarámuri
Indigenous group, Sierra Madres, Chihuahua Mexico, foraging and animal husbandry, kincentric ecology
mongongo nut
staple food gathered by !Kung women
What is an ecosystem
a local web of interdependent plants, animals (including people), soils, and water sources
acclimatory adaptation
temporary physical adjustment, such as building up muscle
political ecology
emphasizes power relationships and associated social structures as key to understanding human ecology
Karimojong
Uganda, east Africa, cattle herders, cattle primarily for milk and blood and ritual, part of social life via marriage, gifts, raiding
iwigara
Rarámuri kincentric ecology concept
name a subsistence strategy used in tundra biomes
pastoralism, foraging
developmental adaptation
physical adjustment acquired during individual's growth and retained into adulthood, such as larger lung capacity
Julian Steward
is associated with cultural ecology, developed in the 1930s to 1950s, focused on how aspects of cultural life, including technology, social group dynamics, and mobility on the landscape, are linked to the use of natural resources and their spatial distribution
!Kung or Ju/hoansi
foragers, Botswana, arid biome, fieldwork by Lee in 1960s, importance of gathering vs hunting, leisurely "work week", care for younger and older members
rumbim or kaiko
ritual plant important to Tsembaga Maring
or pig festival important to Tsembaga Maring;
or names for important aspects of ecological rituals
boreal forest, subarctic
another name for foraging is ....
historical ecology
associated with Carole Crumley, emphasizes that any particular locale will have a cultural and ecological past of various human-ecology relationships and that these will add new parameters to options going forward
Hanunhóo
knowledge mobilization
ideas about how different types of knowledge can be used (or not) in different contexts; for example, can knowledge be acquired in one cultural context and applied to another, or is it situational, having full meaning only in its original context
which trophic level is represented by people who consume the milk and blood of a cow
secondary consumer (the producer is the plant the cow ate, the primary consumer is the cow, and the person who gets their energy from the cow is a secondary consumer)
another name for swidden is ...
slash and burn, horticulture, home gardens, preindustrial cultivation, shifting agriculture, extensive agriculture, subsistence farming
HBE, NCT, HE, SES
human behavioral ecology, niche construction theory, human ecodynamics, social ecological systems
Tsembaga Maring
highland New Guinea, horticulture, humid tropics biome, ritual cycles of fighting between adjacent communities, plant rumbim, enough pigs to uproot the rumbim, kaiko pig festival, land claims
ethnographic present
the time during which a particular ethnographic study was done; important because cultures change over time, and because any ethnographic study is framed by the research questions and vocabulary that were deemed important when it was done