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Bilingual Education Law
Pivotal Court Cases
US History & Bilingual Education
Bilingual Education Programs
Current Trends
100
In 1839, this state became the first to enact a bilingual education law.
What is Ohio?
100
This important 1954 court case called for the desegregation of schools in American and established equal opportunities in education for all students.
What is Brown v. Board of Education?
100
In 1847 this state passes a law allowing French-English instruction.
What is Louisianna?
100
For this to occur, students require motivation to learn the target language, an educator who can speak the target language well, and a social setting to bring learners and target language speakers together.
What is bilingualism?
100
This language is the most frequently spoken language by ELLs in classrooms in the nation.
What is Spanish?
200
In 1968, as a result of this movement, The Bilingual Education Act or Title VII was passed into Federal Law.
What is the civil rights movement?
200
In 1974, this Supreme Court case determined equal educational opportunity cannot be offered if English-speaking and non-English-speaking students receive equal supports in the classroom.
What is Lau v. Nichols?
200
During the 19th century, many states passed laws to allow bilingual education in schools due to the formation of strong immigrant communities. What language was prevalent in Pennsylvania, Maryland, Ohio, Indiana, Illinois, Missouri, Nebraska, Colorado, and Oregon?
What is German?
200
In schools, this program provides ESL instruction to students in English, with a small block of time allocated for instruction in a student's native language each day.
What is partial immersion programs.
200
The appeal of these programs is that they combine successfully education models in an integrated classroom composed of both language majority and language minority students with the goals of full bilingualism and biliteracy, academic excellence for both groups, and multicultural competencies
What is dual language programs?
300
In 1994, California passed this ballot initiative to restrict the educational services offered to immigrants, such as the elimination of bilingual programs.
What is Proposition 187?
300
In 1973, this Supreme Court case corrected the unofficial segregation that existed in Denver due to a violation of the Equal Protection Clause.
What is Keyes v. School District No. 1, Denver?
300
Despite increased immigration, many language groups have diminished in population due to a decrease in migrant flows into the United States and this other factor.
What is aging populations?
300
According to research, discontinuing education and cognitive development in this area limits success in second language acquisition.
What is first language (L1)?
300
In 2007, over 30% of the population spoke a language other than English at home in California, New Mexico, and this other state.
What is Texas?
400
In the early 1900s, this piece of legislation required immigrants to speak English in order to become U.S. citizens.
What is the Naturalization Act of 1906?
400
In 1923, Nebraska revised a 1919 law that restricted foreign-language education after what U.S. Supreme Court case?
What is Meyer v. Nebraska?
400
This act was the first federal language legislation ever passed in the United States.
What is the 1906 Naturalization Act?
400
In this program, speakers of both languages are in the same bilingual classroom to learn each other's languages and complete classwork in both languages.
What is two-way immersion programs?
400
Three states have passed legislation in the last decade severely limiting bilingual education in their states.
What is California, Arizona, and Massachusetts?
500
In 1958, this act was created to improve foreign-language education in the United States, such as by awarding foreign-language teachers with fellowships.
What is the National Defense Education Act?
500
In 1981, this court case resulted in the creation of guidelines for determining if school programs were appropriately serving language-minority students.
What is Castaneda v. Pickard?
500
This act was passed by President Johnson. The act outlined and provided funds for educational programs that were considered essential for children and public education. Bilingual Education was one such program that received funding.
What is the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA)?
500
In these bilingual programs, the learners are transitioned into English content classes and are given support in their first language, they also receive language arts in their native language, enabling them to become literate in that language. Students continue to receive content area classes in their first language as well so that they become literate in both languages.
What is Maintenance programs?
500
In a recent report, the Council of Great City Schools stated that “school districts face a critical shortage of..."
What is trained ELL teachers and effective instructional programs?