Enculturation
How many times can you experience enculturation?
Only Once
Define Acculturation
The process of adopting a new set of cultural norms as a result of living in a foreign culture
Contrast between individualism and collectivism.
Individualism=ties between people are loose, people look after themselves first, competition between individuals.
Collectivism=People are tightly knit, people need to live up to cultural norms/expectations, competitions between groups.
In “Divorce attitudes around the world”, the results show that divorce rates are higher in _________ societies.
Individualist
In 1988, Werker and Lalonde did a speech study using infants. What were their results?
During the first 6 to 8 months, babies can universally understand language sounds. After about 11 months, they could no longer distinguish between the sounds.
What is one ethical consideration when studying enculturation?
Informed consent, Debriefing
What is one possible negative effect of acculturation on a person’s mental health?
Acculturative Stress, Home sickness, Depression, Anxiety
Is there a correlation between the wealth of a country and if the culture’s individualist or collectivist?
Yes; wealthier countries tend to be individualistic.
When studying love and marriage habits, it’s important to respect the privacy of subjects because____________.
The subject’s answers are personal.
What was Ferguson et al’s 2014 study about?
Jamaican immigrants in America, who were experiencing three different types of acculturation -- white American culture, black American culture, and Jamaican culture.
Name the two types of instruction that are used during enculturation
Direct and Indirect socialization
What is one ethical consideration when studying Acculturation?
Confidentiality, protection from mental harm (humiliation, stress)
What is one ethical consideration when examining cultural dimensions?
Anonymity
In a collectivist culture, people act in order to benefit society; how might this affect the correlation between love and marriage?
In a collectivist society, love might play less of a role in the choice to marry someone.
The study that focused on Latino mothers’ beliefs about child feeding and weight was by whom and in what year?
Sussner et al 2008
Explain one way that enculturation affects behavior
Teaches societal norms, what is right or wrong, ones attitude towards another, teaches language, etc.
Name the three degrees of acceptance of Acculturation
Assimilation, Seperation, Integration
What is one of the goals of a collectivist society?
To maintain harmony, to achieve social goals, or to achieve the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
In “Love and marriage in eleven cultures”, the researchers determined the importance of love and marriage by __________.
Creating three different questions that centered around marriage in relation to love
Describe the results and implications of Barry’s study.
The results are that high food accumulating societies are more obedient in child training; low food accumulating societies are more assertive. The implications are that child rearing was the primary way that enculturation took place, and it was for survival.
What were the results of Werkner & Lalonde’s 1988 study on enculturation?
The researchers studied that as very young children, it is very easily for us to distinguish between sounds in language, but as we grow older we lose this ability of “natural listening”.
What were the results of Kim et al.’s 2012 study on acculturation?
This study focused on South Korean immigrants and coping mechanism for acculturative stress. It found that participation in activities similar to those from home, social support from friends/family, and having a positive outlook were the most effective coping strategies.
In Berry’s 1967 study, what two cultures were studied and what were the results and cultural dimensions for each cultures?
Eskimo and Temne. Eskimo are low food accumulating and not strict about retaining cultural norms, thusly they’re individualist. The Temne are high food accumulating and strict about retaining cultural norms, thusly they’re collectivist.
What is the name of the study that examines the link between culture and divorce? (Include Authors)
"Divorce attitudes around the world" by Katalin Tooth and Markus Kemkelmeier
Name the four significant differences between the Asian cultures and the American cultures that Kim et al studied in 2012.
Food, customs, language, and cultural dimensions.