What is culture?
What are the 4 levels of the culture cycle?
Is, interactions, institutions, ideas
Dr. Arias is interested in the relationship between happiness and religiosity. He collects data on how important religion is in people’s lives and their happiness levels. What type of (basic) research method is Dr. Arias using?
Correlational
Lydia is a 18 month old who hates raisins. Her brother, George, loves raisins. When they are sitting at the table together for snack time and George says, “Lydia, can you pass me MY favorite snack?” Lydia knows to give him the raisins. Lydia has demonstrated that she has developed at least 1 aspect of….
Theory of mind
Lucas describes himself as funny, a painter, an FSU student, a human, a brother, and a member of the anime club. Which of these is a relational identity?
Brother
Someone’s internal sense of their gender is their ____________, while the way they present in terms of clothing, hairstyle, and mannerisms is their __________.
Gender identity; gender expression
The Amish are known as a culture where this is little change across generations, and so the adults do most of the socializing younger generations into cultural norms and knowledge. What type of culture does this exemplify?
Postfigurative culture
What is one method a researcher could use to study a cultural variable experimentally?
Priming study; behavioral manipulation
Greta and Henry both break curfew. Greta’s parents wave it off and say “oh well- you were just having fun!” Henry’s parents ground him for a month without discussion. What parenting styles do they seem to exemplify?
Greta- permissive; Henry- authoritarian
A third-generation US citizen with Asian heritage often being asked, “but where are you REALLY from” after asserting that they are from Connecticut is an example of
Identity denial
Give an example of gender policing.
Many possible answers- constraining of clothing choices; negative feedback for those; different types of discipline; feedback for emotional expression, etc.
People in warm-weather climates engaging in more year-long outdoor activities is *initially* an example of
Evoked culture
Dr. Zhang wants to know if people in the Boomer generation understand and define fairness in the same way as people in Gen Z. What type of cultural comparison research is she doing?
Construct comparison
A chimp watches a human perform an elaborate dance before flipping a switch to open a cabinet that has food in it. After, the chimp walks directly to the switch and flips it to open the cabinet. What specific type of learning discussed in class is this an example of?
Emulative learning
Uli moved to the United States from Germany as a child in the 1960s. Her parents urged her to only speak English and left behind most of their German cultural traditions. Uli’s parents wanted her to have this type of acculturation strategy.
Assimilation
What is one piece of evidence for gender being socially constructed?
Many answers- cultural variation in number of recognized sexes and genders; changing gender norms over time; etc.
Why does a culture-blind approach to race relations in the US (e.g. “I don’t see culture”) tend to have negative outcomes? Share at least 1 reason.
Doesn’t allow for celebration of difference; erases people’s experiences; allows systemic injustices to go unquestioned, etc.
Your perception of how outgoing you are might depend on whether you are answering that question when surrounded by your very outgoing group of college friends or your more reserved group of high school friends because they become the people you are implicitly comparing yourself to. What research concept is this an example of?
Reference group effects
Explain one reason that “secure attachment style” may not always be the ideal.
Avoidant may be more common in cultures that value self-reliance and/or have multiple caregivers; ambivalent may be more common in cultures with rare separations
Clearly defined boundaries between one’s ingroup and one’s outgroup tends to be more characteristic of a(n) ________ view of self.
Interdependent
What was a common theme in the cross-cultural research on gender stereotypes?
Male-associated were more active/agentic while female-associated were more passive and more associated with nurturing and care
Across cultures, people tended to rate their “ideal selves” as more masculine than their “actual selves
Give an example of a tightly controlled social norm, and a pro and con of tightly controlled norms.
Many possible answers!
Dr. Rowlf wants to study how music affects people’s happiness levels. He is understanding happiness as a momentary feeling of contentment- this is his ________ of happiness. He is going to measure happiness through observations of people’s facial expressions and self-reported mood questions- this is his _________ of happiness.
Conceptualization; operationalization
In the study on sleeping arrangements, what is one value that emerged as a high priority for American participants but not Indian participants, and vice versa?
American- sacred couple; autonomy ideal. Indian- protection of the vulnerable; female chastity anxiety, respect for hierarchy
Give an example of a manifestation of an incremental view of self and one of an entity view of self.
Many possible answers
Explain the relationship between the shifts in egalitarian attitudes over generations and the shifts in actual sharing of domestic labor.
On average, more egalitarian views are expressed, but actual equal sharing of domestic labor has not kept pace with these attitude shifts