Culture
Culture encompasses the knowledge, values, and customs passed from one generation to the next in a human group or society.
What is culture?
One key issue in sociology is whether language creates or simply communicates reality.
LANGUAGE AND SOCIAL REALITY
How many core Canadian values?
7
Norms are established rules of behaviours or standarde of conduct.
What is norms?
Cultural universals are customs and practices that exist in all societies and include activities and institutions such as storytelling, families, and laws. Specific forms of these universals vary from one cultural group toanother, however.
What are cultural universals？
The English language ignores women by using the masculine form to refer to human beings in general(Basow, 1992). For example, the word man is used generically in words like chairman and mankind, which allegedly include both men and women. However, man can mean either“ all human beings”or“ a male human being"(Miller and Swift, 1993: 71)
What is Language and gender?
This diversity has a number of facets, including linguistic
regional, ethnic, and cultural differences
Again, the respondents spoke of the difficulty of achieving a balance between a multicultural Canada and a secure sense of a Canadian identity.
Support for diversity.
How many norms are there?
4
Cultural change takes place in all societies. Change occurs through discovery and invention and through diffusion, which is the transmission of culture from one society or group to another
What causes cultural change in societies?
Language may create and reinforce our perceptions about race and ethnicity by transmitting preconceived ideas about the superiority of one category of people over another. let's look at a few images conveyed by words in the English language in regard to race and ethnicity.
Language race and ethnicity.
canada's unspoiled natural beauty was identifed as very important. Respondents noted that this may be
threatened by inadequate attention to environmental protection issues.
Canada natural beauty.
Folkways are informal norms or everyday customs that may be violated whithout serious consequence within a particular culture.
what is Folkways?
Cultural diversity is reflected through race, ethnicity, age, sexual orientation, religion, occupation, and so forth. a diverse culture also includes subcultures and countercultures. A subculture has distinctive ideas and behaviours that differ from the larger society to which it belongs. A counterculture rejects the dominant societal values and norms
How is cultural diversity reflected in society?
Canada is a linguistically diverse society. The existence of Aboriginal languages, the presence of French- and gain grou english-speaking populations, and the increasing number of other languages commonly spoken are
ll evidence. Language has been referred to as the (Statistic
keystone to culture because of the fact that lan- versus-er
guage is the chief vehicle for understanding and
experiencing one's culture(Mc Vey and Kalbach, distinct ce
1995)
Language diversity in canada.
The forum participants recognized the existence of different groups in Canadian society and their need to sustain their own culture while attaching themselves to the country's society, values, and institutions.
Accommodation and tolerance.
Mores are strongly held norms with moral and ethical connotations that may not be violated without serious consequences in a particular culture.
What is mores?
pressions Culture shock refers to the anxiety people experience when they encounter cultures radically different from their own. Ethnocentrism is the assumption that one's own culture is superior to other cultures Cultural relativism counters culture shock and ethnocentrism by viewing and analyzing another culture in terms of its own values and standards
What are culture shock, ethnocentrism, and culturo relativism？
Despite the efforts of Canadian Aboriginal peoples to maintain their languages, these languages
are among the most endangered in the world. Only three of the approximately fifty Aboriginal larguages
in Canada are in a healthy state; many have already disappeared or are near extinction.
Aboriginal Languages
Compassion and generosity. Respondents deeply valued canada's compassion and generosity as exemplified in our universal and extensive
social services, health care and pension systems, immigration policies, and commitment to regional economic equalization.
Compassion and generosity.
Laws are formal, Standardized norms that have been enacted by legislatures and are enforced by formal sanctions.
What is laws?