Dermatology
First-line treatment for ACUTE (flare) management of atopic dermatitis
Topica corticosteroids, often used with emollients, antihistamines for itching
Diagnosis when fluorescein stain reveals a dendritic (branching) corneal ulceration
HSV keratitis/herpese keratitis
Best initial treatment for laryngotracheitis (Croup)
Glucocorticoids: Dexamethasone (oral, IV, or IM) or oral prednisolone
Criteria for hypertensive emergency
SBP >180 mmHg and/or DBP >120 mmHg with evidence of end-organ damage
Type of disorder with the following lab values:
CRH: high
ACTH: high
Cortisol: low
Primary adrenal insufficiency
The percentage of body surface involvement the indicates SJS vs. TEN
SJS: <10%, TEN >30%
Most common etiology of acute otitis externa (AOE)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Genetic disorder that can lead to panacinar emphysema, bronchiectasis, hepatomegaly, and cirrhosis
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin Deficiency
Valvular defect associated with blowing holosystolic murmur best heard at the apex and radiates to the axilla.
Mitral regurgitation
Diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes mellitus
FBG >= 126 mg/dL, 2-hour glucose tolerance test >= 200 mg/dL, Hgb A1c >= 6.5%, OR random plasma BG >= 200 mg/dL and patient is symptomatic
The infectious etiology of verrucae
HPV
Most common etiology of Marcus Gunn pupil
Optic neuritis (During a swinging-light test, light moved to the affected eye causes it to paradoxically dilate rather than constrict)
Reaction size that would indicated a positive PPD test in an HIV patient
>= 5 mm
First-line medical management for a patient with symptomatic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Beta blockers (non-DHP CCBs if BB contraindicated)
Myxedema crisis/coma (Hypothyroidism emergency)
Benzoyl peroxide
Topical ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, moxifloxacin (cover for pseudomonas aeruginosa)
Treatment of choice for an adult patient being treated in-patient for severe community acquired pneumonia without risk factors for MRSA or pseudomonas.
Beta-lactam + macrolide OR beta-lactam + respiratory fluoroquinolone
Coarctation of the aorta
Lab findings for a patient with diabetes insipidus
Reflects a large amount of dilute urine and increased urinary free water excretion:
1) Increased serum osmolality (>300 mOsm)
2) Decreased urine osmolality (<300 mOsm), decreased specific gravity, increased urine volume
3) Hypernatremia
Management/treatment for a 13 year old patient who presents in office with a 3 cm brown macule on the trunk 1 week ago that has now developed into a mildly itchy exanthematous-appearing rash along the skin cleavage lines of the trunk.
No management needed for most: education, reassurance, and treatment of pruritus, spontaneously resolves in 6-12 weeks
Diagnosis for a 15 year old complaining of sore throat, high fever, muffled voice, and drooling. Physical exam reveals a swollen, fluctaunt tonsil causing uvula deviation to the contralateral side.
Peritonsillar abscess
Recommended treatment alterations for a 20 year old patient with a primary diagnosis of asthma who is currently taking a low-dose ICS-formoterol as needed and is still experiencing asthma symptoms frequently (according to GINA guidelines).
Low-dose maintenance and PRN ICS-formoterol
Primary prevention treatment for a 63 year old patient with severe primary hypercholesterolemia due to an LDL of 191 without clinical ASCVD who is on Rosuvastatin 40 mg and requires additional LDL lowering.
PCSK9i-mab (need >25% LDL-C reduction)
Treatment regimen for a patient who recently had an infection and is now experiencing high fevers with diaphoresis, tachycardia, palpitations, agitation, tremors, altered mentation, nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. PE shows orbitopathy and hypertension. Labs show increased T4, low TSH.
1) Supportive management with external cooling, acetaminophen (avoid asprin due to increasing T3 and T4 levels), IV fluids
2) Beta blocker such as propranolol
3) Antithyroid meds such as propylthiouracil (PTU) or methimazole (PTU preferred, avoid methimazole in pregnancy in the first trimester)