Hypertension
This is the threshold for stage 1 hypertension according to current guidelines
What is 130/80
This segment represents ventricular depolarization on an EKG
What is the QRS complex?
A normal pH range for arterial blood is between these two values
What is 7.35 an 7.45
This substance builds up in the walls of arteries during atherosclerosis
What is plaque (or cholesterol/lipids)?
This classic symptom of PVD occurs with walking and is relieved by rest
What is intermittent claudication?
This class of antihypertensive medications ends with "-pril" and works by inhibiting ACE (angiotensin-converting enzyme)
* lisinopril (Zestril)
* enalapril (Vasotec)
The P wave on an EKG represents this cardiac activity
What is atrial depolarization?
When the pH is below 7.35 and PaCO2 is elevated above 45 mmHg, this acid-base disorder is present
What is respiratory acidosis?
This diagnostic test uses ultrasound to evaluate blood flow in arteries and is commonly used to assess carotid artery disease
What is Doppler ultrasound (carotid duplex imaging)?
This blood test is often elevated in patients with DVT and measures fibrin degradation products
What is D-dimer?
This hormone system, abbreviated RAAS, plays a key role in blood pressure regulation and is targeted by several antihypertensive medications
What is the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
This common EKG abnormality is characterized by an irregular rhythm with no discernible P waves
What is atrial fibrillation?
When the pH is above 7.45 and the HCO3- is elevated above 26 mEq/L, this acid-base disorder is present
What is metabolic alkalosis?
What class of medications, which include atorvastatin and simvastatin, is commonly prescribed to reduce cholesterol and atherosclerosis
What are statins (or HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors)?
This coplication of severe, untreated PVD may require amputation and is characterized by tissue death due to inadequate blood supply
What is gangrene?
These two lifestyle modifications are considered first-line interventions for hypertension management
What are diet modifications (DASH diet) and increased physical activity
This potentially life-threatening condition appears on an EKG as ST-segment elevation in contiguous leads
What is ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)
In this compensatory mechanism, the kidneys retain or excrete bicarbonate to maintain acid-base balance
What is renal compensation
These two types of lipoproteins are often called "bad cholesterol" and "good cholesterol" in relation to atherosclerosis risk
What are LDL and HDL?
This potentially life-threatening complication of DVT occurs when a clot breaks loose and travels to the lungs
What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?
This relatively rare form of hypertension is caused by an adrenal tumor that secretes excessive aldosterone
What is primary hyperaldosteronism (Conn's syndrome)?
This condition presents on an EKG with a prolonged QT interval and increases risk for a specific type of ventricular tachycardia called torsades de pointes
What is long QT syndrome?
An ABG showing pH 7.50, PaCO2 30 mmHg, HCO3- 24 mEq/L, and PaCO2 85 mmHg indicates this acid-base disorder
What is respiratory alkalosis?
This inflammatory marker, abbreviated CRP, can be measured in the blood and may be used as a predictor of cardiovascular risk
What is a C-reactive protein?
This anticoagulant medication requires regular INR monitoring and has interactions with many foods and medications
What is warfarin (Coumadin)
*What vitamin makes Coumadin less effective? (K)
*What foods are high in Vitamin K? (Green leafy vegetables)