A
The referee's whistle, the ball being served/passed/spiked, a player moving into position, a verbal call from your team or opposition.
Explain the protocol for the 12 minute Cooper Swim test.
Equipment- stopwatch, pool, pen and paper to count laps.
On 'go', the stop watch is started and a swimmer swims continuously for 12 minutes. Each time they complete a lap it is recorded. At the end of the 12 minutes the distance is calculated. The data is compared to normative data.
Which fitness test is used to measure a performer's cardiovascular endurance?
The 12 minute Cooper run, The 12 minute Cooper swim, Harvard Step Test.
What is the purpose of the Illinois Agility test?
This test evaluates a person's ability to change direction quickly and efficiently while maintaining control and balance under speed.
What is the difference between speed and agility?
Speed is a measure of how quickly you can do something over a distance and agility is the ability to change body position or direction quickly with control. The key difference is CHANGING DIRECTION with control.
To identify strengths and weaknesses so training can be made specific to the athlete. To monitor progress to see if the training programme is effective or needs to be amended. To obtain baseline data to know starting weights or set goals. To assess suitability for specific activities. To make comparisons with other athletes to help make team selection.
Power is combination of speed and strength. What is an example of when a golfer needs to demonstrate power?
When they drive the ball off the tee. They want the ball to go far to get closer to the green.
Explain an example of when a gymnast requires balance.
They require balance when performing movements on the beam so they don't fall off the beam and injure themselves/lose points. To perform an effective landing to get maximum points. To be able to execute difficult skills safely.
Why is it important to complete a standardized protocol, such as a proper calibration of equipment, before starting a fitness test?
To ensure the test results are reliable and valid.
Why is good flexibility important for athletes? (2)
Fewer injuries as if you're flexible you're less likely to pull or strain a muscle.
Better performance - you can't do some activities without being flexible e.g. splits in gymnastics.
Better posture - bad posture can impair breathing or damage your spine. Better poster = less aches and pains.
Which blood vessel is responsible for carrying deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs?
The pulmonary artery.
Name the four main chambers of the heart. Draw this in a diagram.
The four chambers are the right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle. (drawn 'opposite' to reflect the anatomical position).
Draw and describe the features of veins as well as their function.
They carry blood towards the veins.
They carry blood at low pressure so they have thinner walls and less muscle than arteries. Large lumen, thin muscle, thin wall.
Skill - agility, balance, coordination, reaction time, power.
Health - strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, body composition, cardiovascular fitness, speed.
What is the primary function of the valves located inside the heart and within veins?
To prevent the backflow of blood (ensuring blood flows in one direction).
What is the function of capillaries. Draw and describe their structure.
They carry blood through the body to exchange oxygen carbon dioxide and nutrients with the bodys tissues, They have thin walls so substance can pass easily through.
How do the structural characteristics of veins differ from arteries to accommodate lower blood pressure?
Veins have thinner walls, a larger lumen, and contain pocket valves.
Explanation: Arteries require thick, elastic walls to withstand high pressure from the heart. Veins experience much lower pressure, so they have wider lumens to reduce resistance and valves to assist blood return.
Choose a physical activity and explain which 3 COF are most important for that sport.
Accept appropriate answer.
physical activity readiness questionnaire - used to assess readiness for training (check if it is safe to exercise). It includes questions on medical history and existing health issues. It can help to make amendments to a programme or reduce intensity for any injuries.
Describe the protocol for the 30m sprint.
Equipment - stopwatch, cones, tape measure.
Measure 30m with a tape measure and mark with cones. On 'go' performer starts running as fast as possible, the stopwatch is also started. The stop watched is stopped when the performer finishes the 30m sprint. Compare results to normative data.
Which chamber of the heart is the most important for a sportsperson and why?
The LEFT VENTRICLE as it is solely responsible for pumping oxygenated blood out of the heart and into the systemic circulation (the rest of the body).
Describe the 3 functions of the CV system.
Transport of substances in the bloodstream around the body. This provides the muscles with what they need to release energy to move during exercise and takes away waste products.
Your blood clots to seal cuts. This prevents excessive bleeding and the sealing of wounds allows injured athletes to continue to exercise.
Regulation of body temperature. When you begin to exercise, your body temperature increases. Blood is diverted to the surface of the skin to cool down the body more quickly. This means you can exercise for a long time without overheating and maintaining performance.
What COF do FIELD HOCKEY athletes need to have to be highly developed to be effective? Choose 3 and explain why.
Agility -To dodge defenders, change direction at high speed, and transition instantly between attack and defense.
Cardiovascular Endurance - To maintain performance across two 35-minute halves without excessive fatigue.
Speed - To sprint to a through-ball, beat an opponent to a 50/50 ball, or execute a fast break.
Muscular Endurance -The same muscle groups need to be able to repeat the same actions repeatedly without fatiguing.
Power -To generate maximal force when striking, slapping, or drag-flicking the ball.
What are the other types of blood vessels that link between arteries and ? to capillaries and ? to veins.
Arterioles (branch off arteries) to capillaries to tissues to capillaries into venules to veins.
Arteries -> arteriole -> capillaries -> tissues -> capillaries -> venules -> veins
Draw and label the key features of arteries.
Accurate picture with features:
Thick muscular wall, smaller lumen compared to veins.