Data & Privacy
This type of data reveals who you are and your personal identity, and should be kept private.
What is personal data?
This term refers to an attempt by hackers to steal data or cause harm to a computer system.
What is a cyber attack?
This test asks users to select images to prove they are not a robot, helping block automated brute-force attacks.
What is a reCAPTCHA?
Derived from the Greek words for "hidden writing," this is the practice and study of techniques for securing communication from third parties.
What is cryptography?
This is the unencrypted, original readable text message before any cipher or code is applied to it.
What is plaintext?
Information such as your favorite color, hobbies, or fun facts that does not reveal your personal identity and can be safely shared with everyone.
What is public data?
This type of attack uses trial and error to test many combinations of letters, numbers, or symbols until finding the right password.
What is a brute-force attack?
In programming, this item is used to store data—such as text, numbers, or user input—that can be reused later in code.
What is a variable?
This simple ancient system represents letters using a series of dots and dashes separated by slashes.
What is Morse code?
This is the unreadable, scrambled message created after applying an encryption algorithm or key.
What is ciphertext?
These small pieces of data are stored on your computer by websites to remember preferences and help pages load faster.
What are cookies?
This hacking technique involves looking at public details that people post online about themselves to guess their account passwords.
What is social engineering?
In coding, this ordered list structure stores multiple items (values), where the first item starts at index 0.
What is an array?
Named after a Roman emperor, this shift cipher replaces each letter in a message by moving a set number of positions down the alphabet.
What is a Caesar cipher?
The process of converting an encrypted cipher message back into its original, readable plaintext form.
What is decryption?
This term describes the information about a person that exists on the internet due to their online activity, such as search history or games played.
What is a digital footprint?
This cyber attack trick involves sending fake emails, messages, or websites designed to look like real companies so people reveal personal passwords or data.
What is phishing?
To protect mobile devices against brute-force attacks, systems use this defense mechanism after multiple incorrect password attempts.
What is limiting login attempts (or locking out the user)?
In this simple word transform cipher, you move the first letter of a word to the end and add "ay" (e.g., "HELLO" becomes "ELLOHAY").
What is Pig Latin?
In cryptography, this secret piece of information or rule determines exactly how plaintext is scrambled and how it can be converted back.
What is an encryption key?
These physical locations or virtual cloud setups work to store, manage, protect, and deliver online data.
What are datacenters?
This malicious code tricks a computer system into running unauthorized commands by putting unexpected input into a web field or login form.
What is code injection (or SQL injection)?
According to the curriculum guidelines, a strong password should contain a mix of letters, numbers, symbols, avoid personal info, and be at least this many characters long.
What is at least 12 characters?
In code breaking, this technique analyzes how often certain letters appear in a cipher message to help guess the encryption key.
What is frequency analysis?
This substitution technique flips letters in a word so that "E" becomes "∃", creating a visual mirror effect.
What is a mirror cipher (or mirror reflection cipher)?