RESEARCH METHODS
A phenomenon (also known as the knew-it-all-along effect) that refers to the common tendency for people to perceive events that have already occurred as having been more predictable than they actually were before the events took place.
What is HINDSIGHT BIAS?
According to Erik Erikson, the psychosocial task that individuals generally focus on developing during adolescence.
What is IDENTITY?
A theory that proposes that newer media tempts users by providing novel and unique gratifications that older media forms do not provide.
What is NICHE THEORY?
An effect in which we tend to like things more over time that we are repeatedly exposed to.
What is the MERE EXPOSURE effect?
A type of anxiety disorder in which a person experiences flashbacks and nightmares after being involved in a traumatic event.
What is POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD)?
A type of research method in which researchers casually view a situation, without altering that situation.
What is OBSERVATIONAL RESEARCH?
A phenomenon in which people tend to believe they are being noticed more than they really are (i.e., feeling as though they "stick out like a sore thumb").
What is the SPOTLIGHT EFFECT?
A personality disorder in which a person displays a long-standing pattern of suspiciousness and lack of trust in the world around them.
What is PARANOID personality disorder?
An effect in which we believe people who are physically attractive are also more intelligent and competent.
What is the HALO EFFECT?
A mood disorder in which an individual vacillates between periods of depression (i.e., "lows") and mania (i.e., "highs").
What is BIPOLAR DISORDER?
In experimental studies, researchers manipulate the _____ variable to measure the effects on the _____ variable.
What are INDEPENDENT / DEPENDENT variables?
An effect where introverted individuals become more extraverted and outgoing in online settings.
What is the POOR-GET-RICHER effect?
The psychological predisposition to listen to information that agrees with our beliefs and values and to ignore or distort information that disagrees with them.
What is CONFIRMATION BIAS?
A theory that proposes relationships become more meaningful and involved as they progress (i.e., they start out with surface level, superficial interactions before progressing into deeper conversations about one's deeper values and core identity).
What is SOCIAL PENETRATION THEORY?
A disorder in which a person takes on multiple personalities to deal with some kind of difficult trauma (also called multiple or split-personality disorder).
What is DISSOCIATIVE IDENTITY DISORDER (DID)?
A scientific measure that tells us the results of a study are consistent (i.e., if the study is replicated, the results will be the same every time).
What is RELIABILITY?
An effect that describes the tendency of people to adopt the characteristics of their online avatars.
What is the PROTEUS effect?
A connection in which people follow a celebrity so closely on social media that they feel personally connected to that celebrity.
What is a PARA-SOCIAL CONNECTION?
The act of sending out flirtatious, but non-committal text messages in order to lure a sexual partner without expending much effort.
What is BREADCRUMBING?
An anxiety disorder in which an individual has an intense, irrational fear of something.
What is a PHOBIA?
A scientific measure that tells us a study is measuring what it is supposed to be measuring (i.e., the results are not influenced by confounding variables).
What is INTERNAL VALIDITY?
The type of focus, proposed by Higgins, that an individual will develop if they are experiencing an Actual-Ought Self-Discrepancy.
What is a PREVENTION focus?
A component of cyberactivisim in which people change their profile picture or post something on social media that shows they align with a specific movement.
What is CAUSE ADVOCATION?
The practice of ending a personal relationship with someone by suddenly and without explanation withdrawing from all communication.
What is GHOSTING?
A personality disorder in which an individual is described as being self-absorbed, vain, attention-seeking, and self-promoting and is driven to achieve power or authority over others.
What is NARCISSISTIC personality disorder?