vocab
What is the ability of a cytokine to have many different actions?
Pleiotropy
INF-α, IFN-γ, and IL-6 are examples of?
Proinflammatory cytokines
Which subset of IL-1 cells is responsible for most of the systemic activity associated with IL-1?
IL-1β
What enhances chemotaxis?
Chemokines
What is the main producer of cytokines in the adaptive immune response?
T cells, especially T helper cells
What is it called when different cytokines have the same effects?
Redundancy
IL-1α & IL-1β are both?
Proinflammatory cytokines
Which two cytokines are used at treatments for certain malignancies and autoimmune diseases because they interfere with viral replication and activate NK cells?
IFN-α & IFN-β
What is also known as T-cell growth factor?
IL-2
What cells produce cytokines in the innate immune system?
Monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, lymphocytes, and non-lymphoid cells (such as virus-infected cells)
What is it called when some cytokines enhance each other's effects?
Synergy
IL-1RA is an example of a?
Anti-inflammatory cytokine
Dysregulation of this cytokine can cause autoimmune disorders. Ixekizumab is a drug used to target these conditions.
IL-17
What is the most prominent member of the TNF family?
TNF-α
Is IL-17 a part the innate or adaptive immune system?
Both
What is it called when some cytokines counteract each other?
Antagonism
IFN-β is an example of a?
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
What cytokine functions as an anti-inflammatory factor for mature T cells by blocking production of IL-12 and inhibiting induction of IFN-γ. This cytokine also inhibits proliferation of activated B cells.
TGF-β
Which cytokine activates B & T cells, and stimulates B cells to differentiate into plasma cells?
IL-6
Which cytokine is also considered a hematopoietic growth factor?
IL-3
What is hypercytokinemia?
Also referred to as cytokine storm, hypercytokinemia is a massive overproduction and dysregulation of cytokines. This leads to high levels of proinflammatory cytokines produced. Symptoms include hypotension, fever, edema, multi-organ failure, or death.
IL-10 & TGF-β are both examples of?
Anti-inflammatory cytokines
What cytokine promotes Th2 production and inhibits Th1 cells?
IL-4
What cytokine stimulates antigen presentation by class I and class II MHC molecules?
IFN-γ
What is the purpose of cytokines? Give perfect details or I will give you negative points.
To further the immune response by inducing inflammation and recruiting effector cells (neutrophils & monocytes) to the site of infection. This process induces systemic effects such as fever, increased production of acute phase reactants, and increased hematopoiesis.