10.1 Personality
List the 5 Big Personality Traits
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism
List 3 key attributes to a high mental toughness
- Determination
- Resilience
- Coping Skills
-Handling Pressure
Define motivation
Direction of effort and intensity that an individual applies.
Describe Self-Determination Theory
The level to which extent to which external motivators are not needed.
List what the TARGET approach of motivation is composed of
Task
Autonomy
Recognition
Grouping
Evaluation
Time
Distinguish between Maladaptive and Adaptive Perfectionism
Adaptive - Holds high standards, but does not let mistakes or social standings concern them.
Maladaptive - Holds high standards, however can take mistakes in a negative light leading to increased cognitive anxiety.
List the 4 types of Psychological Skills Training
- Arousal
- Coping
- Imagery
- Goal Setting
Describe how an athlete with low motivation may act.
An athlete with low motivation may skip practices, use low energy/focus during games, and see little to no importance in skill improvement
Describe how a Performance Climate can shape a basketball player.
A performance climate would place emphasis on the importance of social rankings/standings in the sport, leading players to focus more on winning games and scoring points over strategy or personal skill improvement.
Describe how a task-oriented soccer player may react to missing a penalty.
The athlete would view missing the penalty as a space for improvement, and would most likely practice penalty shots and related exercises to improve.
A soccer player with low openness can result in more linear approaches to play, sticking to routines and/or training techniques and avoiding risky or different play styles. A low openness may also result in the athlete prioritizing their own methods over a teamates.
Evaluate methods of measuring mental toughness
- Questionaries are answered by the evaluee
- Can be biased or innacurate
- The evaluee's state can affect how the respond to the questions
Distinguish between a high achiever and a low achiever according to Need Achievement Theory (NAT)
High Achiever:
- Selects Challenging Tasks
- Displays a high level of effort
- continues through difficult situations
Low Achiever:
- Avoid challenging tasks
- Exerts low effort during performance
- Focuses on the shame of failure
Outline the 3 basic psychological needs.
Autonomy - The need for a feeling of control
Competence - The need to feel good at something
Relatedness - The need to feel a sense of belonging
Compare High Agreeableness and High Openness as personality traits.
Agreeableness:
- Selflessness
- Friendly and Cooperative
- Trusting
Openness:
- Curious
- Open to new experiences/things
- Cooperative
Identify the potential issues that come with measuring personality through the LOTS methods of personality measurement.
Explain how an athlete with high resilience may react to a bad play
An athlete with high resilience may view a misplay or a bad play with little affect, viewing it as a one time event and taking the opportunity to make up for the play or improve.
Explain how peer praise and approval serves as an extrinsic motivator and how it can benefit an athlete.
Peer praise and approval can benefit an athlete by reducing cognitive anxiety, and in turn lowing somatic anxiety and improving mental state. Positive reinforcement from teammates and peers observing the athlete play enforces a positive mindset and can introduce a confidence to the athlete and improve their mood, performance, and reduce anxiety or self doubt.
Determine the best training climate for a baseball player that wishes to win their games but increase their pitching speed and how it would benefit them.
For a baseball player wishing to win their games but improve pitching speed, a performance climate would be the most beneficial as this climate focuses on improving one skills while still maintaining an importance of winning. A performance climate would push the athlete to improve their skills with a focus on personal improvement.
Explain how a sprinter may be affected by the 3 main psychological needs when training.
During training, autonomy allows the sprinter to train in a pace and environment in which they can control and push themselves to improve, while a low autonomy environment may bore the athlete or be too fast paced and intense and can lead to burn out. Competence improves confidence and overall mood for the athlete and can reduce cognitive anxiety during sprint races improving performance, with low competence leading to high cognitive anxiety and lowered motivation. Relatedness and being able to connect and interact with ones teammates can improve performances during team races such as the 4x200 relay race, with a sense of belonging creating a bond between teammates improving mood and performance.