Cell Structures and Organelles
What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?
The nucleus stores the cell's genetic material and controls cellular activities.
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Amino acids
What is passive transport?
The movement of molecules across the cell membrane without energy input.
What is a food web?
A network of interconnected food chains that show the flow of energy through an ecosystem.
What does the theory of evolution explain?
A change in species over time through natural selection and genetic variation.
Which organelle is responsible for energy production in the cell.
Mitochondria
What is the primary function of carbohydrates in cells?
Carbohydrates provide short and quick burst of energy and structural support.
What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?
Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a membrane, while diffusion is the movement of molecules from high to low concentration.
What is the main source of energy for ecosystems?
The Sun.
What is the significance of homologous structures in evolutionary biology.
They indicate common ancestry between different species. (Similar structures, different functions)
How do ribosomes and the Golgi Apparatus interact in protein synthesis?
The ribosomes make proteins, which are then processed and packaged by the Golgi apparatus.
How do lipids contribute to the structure of the cell membrane?
Lipids form the phospholipid bilayer of the cell membrane, providing structure and controlling what enters and exits the cell.
Name the 3 type of active transport in cells.
Active transport with carrier proteins (sodium-potassium pump), endocytosis, exocytosis
What is a keystone species?
A species that plays a critical role in maintaining the structure of an ecosystem.
What is the difference between analogous and homologous structures in evolution?
Homologous structures are similar due to shared ancestry, while analogous structures have similar function but evolved independently in different species.
What role do lysosomes play in maintaining cellular homeostasis?
Lysosomes break down waste materials.
What is the function of nucleic acids in cells?
Nucleic acids store and transmit genetic information.
What are three ways active transport differ from passive transport.
Active transport requires energy, moves from low to high concentration, and moves against the concentration gradient.
Name two ways humans impact biodiversity.
Through deforestation, pollution, or introduction of non-native species.
What does embryology reveal about evolution?
Similarities in early development stages among different species indicate common ancestry.
Which organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells, and what is it primary function?
Chloroplasts, which converts solar energy into chemical energy
Explain how the structure of proteins as enzymes is related to their function in chemical reactions.
Enzymes have specific shapes that allow them to speed up chemical reactions by binding to substrates.
Explain how osmosis helps maintain homeostasis in a cell.
Osmosis regulated water balance, preventing cells from becoming too swollen or too shriveled.
How does the cycling of major element carbon hydrogen and nitrogen affect ecosystems?
It supports life by allowing elements to be reused and cycled through different organisms.
How does the study of vestigial structures support the theory of evolution?
Vestigial structures are remnants of organs or features that served a function in an ancestor but are no longer fully functional in the current organism, providing evidence for evolutionary change.