Bonds & Water
The three major particles in an atom are the proton, neutron, and this one.
What is an electron?
This is the monomer that makes up proteins.
What is an amino acid?
This large molecule, which is arranged in a bilayer, makes up most of the cell membrane.
What is a phospholipid?
Algae, plant, and animal cells are all examples of this cell type.
WHat are eukaryotic cells?
Water is a good solvent because it's a polar molecule and can easily attract and dissolve other polar molecules or ions.
What is a solvent?
The type of strong, covalent bond that links amino acids together to form a polypeptide chain.
What is a peptide bond?
The part of a phospholipid that is hydrophobic and faces inward in the membrane.
What is the tail?
This part of a eukaryotic cell holds the chromosomal DNA and is surrounded by a nuclear envelope.
What is the nucleus?
This type of bond forms when atoms share electrons unequally, making the molecule have partial charges.
What is a polar covalent bond?
This level of structure is just the straight-line order, or sequence, of amino acids.
What is primary structure?
The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.
What is diffusion?
This organelle's main job is to put the finishing touches on proteins by sorting, labeling, and packaging them for delivery.
What is the Golgi apparatus
The name for the weak attraction that happens between the partial positive side of one water molecule and the partial negative side of another.
What is a hydrogen bond?
The two most common forms of this structure level are the alpha helix and the beta sheet.
What is secondary structure?
When a cell is placed in this type of solution, the net movement of water is out of the cell.
What is a hypertonic solution?
The three types of protein fibers that make up the cytoskeleton.
What are microfilaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules?
Compared to non-polar substances, it takes a lot more energy to make water do this action because of all the hydrogen bonds it has.
What is heat up?
Three main types of interactions between R groups that fold a polypeptide chain into its complex, 3D tertiary structure.
What are hydrogen bonds, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic bonds?
This term describes the difference in both ion concentration (chemical) and electrical charge on opposite sides of a membrane.
What is an electrochemical gradient?
These two organelles, which generate energy for the cell, have their own DNA and are thought to have started as independent bacteria.
What are the mitochondria and chloroplasts?