What's Up Bro
How do molecules move through Active transport? (Two Things)
-Protein pumps/Channel proteins
-ATP energy!!!!!!
What is a Solute, Solvent, and solution?
Solute: Substance being dissolved
Solvent: Substance doing the dissolving
Solution: Uniformed mixtures of one or more solutes being dissolved in a solvent
What type of molecules can be moved through regular diffusion across the membrane?
-Small non polar molecules pass freely across
-Small amounts of very small polar molecules (Water) can diffuse
Which way will the water move during Hyper and hypotonic process?
Hyper: Water will move out of cell
Hypo: Water will move into cell
What type of molecules can be moved through Facilitated diffusion?
-Large and small molecules
-Charged Ion's need channel proteins
What is the Structure and Function of Nucleus?
-Surrounded by a double membrane
-Protects and houses DNA
-Site of Transcription
What is the Structure and Function of Gogi Complex
-Series of flattened membrane bound sacs
-Helping fold and modify proteins
-Packaging proteins/lipids
What is the Structure and Function of Rough ER?
-Highly folded organelle with ribosomes attached
-Responsible for packaging proteins
What is the Structure and Function of Mitochondria?
-Two Membranes: Outer-Smooth----Inner-Highly folded
(Folding in the inner membrane increases surface area)
-Responsible for ATP production
Function of Smooth ER?
-Lipid synthesis
-Detoxification of cell wastes
Function of Nucleolus?
-Site of Ribosome synthesis
-Site of RNA Synthesis
What is the Structure and Function of Vacuoles?
-Membrane-bound sacs
-Storing and releasing fluids
-Helps maintain tugor pressure
What is the Structure and Function of Chloroplast?
-Two Membranes
-Stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana
(Stacks increase surface area)
-Responsible for photosynthesis
What is Facilitated and Regular Diffusion?
Facilitated: High to low through transport proteins
Regular: High to Low without energy
What is Passive and Active transport?
Passive: High to low without metabolic energy
Active: Low to High with ATP energy
Define Hypo and Hypertonic
Hypo: Less solute (Stuff), with more solvent (Water) outside the cell
Hyper: More Solute (Stuff), with less solvent (Water) outside the cell
What is Endo and Exocytosis?
Endo: Uses energy to take in macromolecules and matter
Exo: Uses energy to more large molecules out of the cell
What are peripheral and Integral proteins?
Peripheral: Loosly bound to the surface and Hydrophilic
Integral: Interted into the membrane
-Both Hydrophilic and Hydrophobic
( FUN FACT: Both Do Cell signaling)
What is the Cell Wall's function and made of?
Comprised of complex carbohydrates!
-Protects and maintains shape
-Prevents against cellular rupture
-Helps plants to stand up against gravity
1. What is Osmosis?
2. What moves through Osmosis and how?
1. Diffusion of water across a permeable membrane
2. Large quantities of water via aquaporins
EQUATION FOR SOLUTE POTENTIAL!
-I C R T
-i = Ionization (Sucrose = 1 )
C = Molar Concentration (M)
R = Pressure constant = 0.0831
T = Temperature = 273 + C
What are the three types of Endocytosis and what do they each do?
Phagocytosis: Takes in large particles
Pinocytosis: Takes in extracellular fluid
Receptor: Mediated Endocytosis (Absorption of metabolites, hormones and proteins)
1. What type of substance move through channel proteins?
2. What type of substance and elements can pass without channel proteins?
1. Hydrophilic substances
2. Hydrophobic substances
-Oxygen, Nitrogen, and Carbon Dioxide
1. What is Turgor Pressure and what it does to help the cell?
2. What do projection do to help the cell?
1. The pressure the water experts back on the cell wall.
-Provided Structure
2. Increases surface area to volume ratio
-More efficient Cell!
What is symport and Antiport?
Symport: Two different Ions transported in the same direction
Antiport: Two different Ions transported in opposite direction