thorax and lungs
which lung lobe has 3 lobes and 2?
right has 3, left has 2
if your pt has atelectasis, what would be reccomendations?
incentive spirometer, increase head of bed, tripod positon
What are the three types of normal breathing sounds?
bronchial, bronchovesicular and vesicular
A patient’s lips are cherry red, their SpO₂ is normal, and they are breathing rapidly. What condition should the nurse suspect?
Carbon monoxide poisoning — causes cherry red lips and mucosa despite normal oxygen readings due to hemoglobin binding CO more tightly than O₂
In assessing skin lesions, what does the “ABCDE” mnemonic stand for?
Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variation, Diameter >6mm, Evolving/Changing
gas exchange happens in the?
alveoli/alveoli sac
Which part of the ear is responsible for equalizing air pressure when swallowing or yawning?
Eustachian tube — connects middle ear to nasopharynx, allowing air pressure balance across the tympanic membran
what is the location of the tracheal bifurcation
angle of louis, where the trachae divides into right and left bronchi
Why is the right main bronchus more prone to aspiration?
It’s shorter, wider, and more vertical than the left
What causes the “whisper test” to fail bilaterally?
Sensorinueal hearing loss
What is our stimulus to breathe vs a COPD pt
our stimulus is Hypercapnia.. increased CO2
COPD pt stimulus is hypoxemia.. low oxygen
What is the common term for inflammation of the middle ear?
otitis media
Which test screens for peripheral vision loss?
confrontation test
what cranial nerve is assesed by asking a pt to say ahh when checking for uvula mobility
cranial nerve 10, vagus
A Pt is present with pale conjunctiva, what systemic issue might this suggest?
anemia due to decreased hemoglobin or rbc
cyanosis indicates?
hypoxemia
what is cheilitis (perleche)?
Cracking at corners of the mouth — seen with vitamin deficiencies or Candida infection
Which lesion pattern follows a nerve route, as in shingles?
Zosteriform pattern — linear arrangement along a dermatome
What does barrel chest suggest?
chronic hyperinflation of the lung often seen in COPD pt
during assessment you notice assymetrical chest expansion. what conditions could cause this?
-atelectasis, pleural effusion, pneumothroax and fractured rib
What are some paplation abnormal findings?
-unequal chesting expansion
-pain with deep breathing
-decreased fremitis
-increased fremitis
What is the normal finding when assessing pupils with light?
PERRLA
Which cranial nerve is responsible for vision?
cranial nerve 2
What does “arcus senilis” indicate in eye assessment?
Gray-white ring around cornea due to lipid deposits in aging adults, benign
what is tactile fremitis and what does increased fremitis indicate?
Vibration heard when saying 99, increased fremitis means lungs consolidation/pnemonia