The Chemistry of Life
These are the building blocks (monomers) of proteins.
What are amino acids?
This organelle is known as the "powerhouse" of the cell because it is the site of cellular respiration.
What is the mitochondria?
This is the cellular process used for growth and the repair of damaged tissues.
What is mitosis?
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait (like Tt) is described as this.
What is heterozygous?
This mechanism of evolution states that organisms with traits better suited to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
What is natural selection?
This property of water allows it to stick to other water molecules, creating surface tension.
What is cohesion?
This cellular process uses sunlight, water, and CO2 to produce glucose and oxygen.
What is photosynthesis?
According to base-pairing rules, if a DNA strand has 20% Adenine, it must have this percentage of Thymine.
: What is 20%?
This tool is used to predict the possible genotypes and phenotypes of offspring from a genetic cross.
What is a Punnett Square?
Structures in different species that are similar because of common ancestry, such as the bones in a human arm and a whale flipper.
What are homologous structures?
This type of macromolecule (like DNA or RNA) is responsible for storing and transmitting genetic information.
What are nucleic acids?
In this type of transport, the cell moves materials from a low concentration to a high concentration using ATP.
What is active transport?
This process occurs in the ribosome, where mRNA is "read" to build a chain of amino acids.
What is translation?
A mutation that involves the insertion or deletion of a nucleotide, changing the entire reading frame of the gene.
What is a frameshift mutation?
This diagram is used to show the evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics between different groups of organisms.
What is a cladogram (or phylogenetic tree)?
Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions by lowering activation energy.
What are enzymes?
This specific molecule provides the immediate energy needed for most cellular work.
What is ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)?
This type of cell division results in four genetically unique haploid daughter cells (gametes).
What is meiosis?
This event in Prophase I of meiosis involves the swapping of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.
What is crossing over?
A change in the allele frequency of a population due to a random chance event, like a natural disaster.
What is genetic drift?
The three elements found in all four types of organic macromolecules
What are Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen?
During strenuous exercise, animal cells may switch to this process if oxygen is not available, causing muscle soreness.
What is Lactic Acid Fermentation?
This phase of the cell cycle is where the cell spends most of its life and replicates its DNA.
What is Interphase?
This type of inheritance occurs when both alleles are expressed equally, such as a cow having both red and white hairs (Roan).
What is codominance?
The sum of all the genetic information (alleles) available in a specific population at a given time.
What is a gene pool?