The Industrial Revolution
What country did the Industrial Revolution begin in the 1780s?
Britain
What was the mass movement of people from rural areas to cities during the Industrial Revolution called?
urbanization
What was the main reason industrialized nations sought colonies during the 19th century?
raw materials and new markets for goods
What system replaced small workshops during industrialization?
the factory system
What type of jobs did women and children take during the Industrial Revolution?
factory jobs and domestic servitude
What invention revolutionized textile production during the Industrial Revolution?
The spinning jenny
What class of people grew due to industrialization, including factory workers and new middle-class professionals?
the working class and the middle class
What 1884–1885 event divided Africa among European nations?
the berlin conference
Which system became dominant during the Industrial Revolution, where prices are set by supply and demand?
capitalism
What artistic movement focused on emotion, nature, and individualism during this period?
romanticism
Which engine powered factories and improved transportation during this period?
the steam engine
Which political ideology emerged in response to poor working conditions during industrialization?
socialism
What theory did Europeans use to justify imperialism, claiming their race was superior?
social darwinism
What movement pushed for the expansion of voting rights to include all men and later women?
democratic movments
Which famous author wrote Oliver Twist, which highlighted the struggles of the working class?
What process forced small farmers off their land, leading them to cities for factory jobs?
encloser laws
What social change occurred as a result of the Industrial Revolution, especially for women and children?
child labor and more women in factory work
Name one major effect of European imperialism on the borders of Africa and Asia.
creation of borders that ignored ethnic or tribal divisions, leading to future conflicts
Which economic system was developed in response to the exploitation of workers in capitalist systems?
communism
What artistic movement aimed to depict real life and the struggles of ordinary people?
realism
What two natural resources were crucial for industrialization in Britain?
coal and iron
Which group of workers fought for better wages and working conditions during industrialization?
labor unions
What was one cultural impact of imperialism on colonized regions?
the spread of European languages, like English and French, and the decline of native traditions
What event led to the end of serfdom and slavery in industrialized countries?
industrialization the rise of labor laws
Which musical composer is often associated with the Romanticism movement?
beethoven