Cell Physiology
Which type of lipids are the most abundant in the plasma membrane?
Phospolipids
What is codominance?
Inheritance in which both alleles are expressed in heterozygous individuals
This scientist developed the theory of evolution by natural selection after studying finches in the Galápagos Islands.
Charles Darwin
What is a community?
A group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with others (many populations in the same region)
The countercurrent heat exchange system, found in some birds and mammals, helps them retain heat by transferring it between these two closely aligned structures.
Arteries and veins
What does cDNA stand for?
Complementary DNA
What enzyme unwinds DNA to prepare for replication and transcription?
This principle states that in a large, randomly mating population with no mutations, gene flow, selection, or genetic drift, allele frequencies will remain constant.
The Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium
What is primary succession?
An ecological succession that begins in an area where no biotic community previously existed
This type of circulatory system, found in arthropods and mollusks, lacks a true separation between blood and interstitial fluid.
Open circulatory system
What is glucogenesis?
Synthesizing of glucose
When do crossing over events occur during meiosis?
Prophase I
This type of speciation occurs when a population is geographically separated, leading to the formation of new species.
Allopatric speciation
What is commensalism?
When one species benefits from a relationship while the other species is not harmed or benefited
This part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood, forming the initial filtrate before reabsorption occurs.
The glomerulus
DNA can be introduced into bacteria by a mechanism called
Transformation
What is an SNP
Single Nucleotide Polymorphism --> A change in one base pair on DNA
When unrelated species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures, it is known as this evolutionary pattern.
Convergent Evolution
What is sympatric speciation?
The formation of a new species populations that live in the same geographic area
Unlike other mammals, the vampire bat can quickly switch between concentrated and dilute urine production due to its feeding habits. This adaptation is regulated by what hormone, which controls water balance
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
When the net charge on either side of the plasma membrane is zero, what else is true?
The electrochemical potential across the membrane is zero
Describe mitochondrial inheritance
Mitochondrial DNA is passed down from a mother to her children
This evolutionary hypothesis suggests that most genetic mutations are neither beneficial nor harmful and instead spread through populations by chance.
The Neutral theory of molecular evolution
What are the 5 assumptions of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibirum?
1. No mutations
2. Random mating
3. No gene flow
4. Large/ infinite population size
5. No selection
This hormone, secreted by the atria of the heart, promotes vasodilation and helps to reduce blood volume by increasing sodium and water excretion in the kidneys. It is especially active when the heart experiences increased blood volume.
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)