Vocabulary
This term means the court has authority to hear a case
Jurisdiction
This person brings the complaint in a civil case
Plaintiff
This amendment protects people from self-incrimination and double jeopardy (being tried for the same crime twice, not the game)
5th Amendment
In this type of case, the court decides whether someone committed a crime or not
Criminal case
This federal court is where most cases begin, and is the only federal court with a jury
District Court
What type of jurisdiction means a court has the authority to hear a case first
Original Jurisdiction
This person responds to a complaint or is accused of committing a crime
Defendant
This amendment extends due process protections to the states
14th Amendment
In this type of case, people disagree over matters such as property or contracts
Civil case
This court reviews cases that someone believes were decided incorrectly
This is the government body that brings criminal charges
This person ensures trials follow the law and remains unbiased at all times
Judge
This power, not in the Constitution, allows the Supreme Court to strike down laws that violate the Constitution
Judicial Review
In a criminal trial, police need this before they can arrest someone
Probable cause
What must all laws in Virginia follow?
The U.S. Constitution and Virginia's Constitution
This is the constitutional protection that keeps the government from treating people unfairly
Due process
This group decides whether someone broke the law in a criminal trial
Jury
This article of the Constitution explains the powers of the Judicial Branch
Article III
A person who thinks mistakes were made in their trial can do this
Appeal to a higher court
District Court --> U.S. Court of Appeals --> Supreme Court
This is a major, very serious crime
Felony
Affirm, Reverse, Remand
This Supreme Court case created the power of judicial review
Marbury v. Madison
This term means a defendant is formally told their charges and enters a plea
The U.S. Supreme Court has this kind of jurisdiction