Anxiety
give a brief basic description of what GAD is
psychological, physiological, and behavioral state induced in animals and humans by a threat to well-being or survival, either actual or potential. It is characterized by increased arousal, expectancy, autonomic and neuroendocrine activation, and specific behavior patterns
characterized by a “persistent feeling of apprehension or dread”
True or False:
Scientists to this day are not 100% sure of what exactly the pathophysiology of depression is, therefore everything is speculations.
True
What are the two types of stress
Acute and Chronic
what are the two subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system that deal with stress
parasympathetic and the sympathetic nervous system
True or False: All stress affects performance negatively. There is no positives
False
True or False:
Patients with anxiety disorders have been found to show heightened amygdala responses to stressful cues
True
30-40% of depressed patients also meet the lifetime criteria for an anxiety disorder
False
Correction:
50-60% of depressed patients also meet the lifetime criteria for an anxiety disorder
What causes an "Allergy" response to stress?
Histamines
True or False:
The sympathetic nervous system decreases energy expenditure and inhibits digestion.
False
correction: increases energy expenditure and inhibits digestion.
what are the negative effects of stress on performance?
fatigue, decreased concentration, and increased muscle tension.
Interferes with an athlete's recovery
Name 3 non-medical treatments for GAD that were mentioned in the presentation
Exercising
Setting realistic life goals
Getting adequate sleep
Learning and practicing mindfulness
Your doctor may determine a diagnosis of depression based on what 4 things?
Physical exam
Lab tests
Psychiatric evaluation
DSM-5
The stress response starts in which part of the brain?
Amygdala
what is the difference between the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
sympathetic = "fight or flight"
parasympathetic = rest and restoration
what are the positive effects of stress on performance?
increasing arousal, focus, and motivation
What % of adults are likely to experience GAD
21%
Can you name 2 pharmaceutical drugs used for the treatment of depression?
Citalopram (Celexa).
Escitalopram (Lexapro).
Fluoxetine (Prozac)
Sertraline (Zoloft).
What causes the Majority of my Stress ?
HESP 133
Which responses does the parasympathetic system produce in response to stress?
Integrates the ‘rest & restoration’ response
Release of acetylcholine
Decreased heart rate & blood pressure
Decreased respiratory rate and bronchial constriction
Decreased glycogen to glucose in liver
Pupillary constriction
Can you name 2 pharmaceutical drugs used to treat GAD ?
Any of these:
alprazolam (Xanax)
clonazepam (Klonopin)
lorazepam (Ativan)
diazepam (Valium)
Anti-depressants: what 3 chemicals do they target?
norepinephrine, serotonin, and dopamine
Both stress and depression have been associated with decreased function of what?
limbic system and prefrontal cortex
what is the predominant neurotransmitter from the parasympathetic nervous system?
acetylcholine