Protein
What is the monomer unit of a protein?
Amino acid.
What is the function of enzymes in biochemical reactions?
Enzymes act as catalysts, speeding up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
Which biomolecule is primarily used for energy storage in the body?
Carbohydrates.
What does the pH scale measure?
The pH scale measures the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
What is the definition of natural selection?
Natural selection is the process by which organisms with traits that are better suited to their environment tend to survive and reproduce more than those without those traits.
What is the primary structure of a protein?
The sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.
What is the specific region on an enzyme where the substrate binds called?
The active site.
Which biomolecule is involved in catalyzing biochemical reactions?
Proteins (enzymes).
What is the pH of a neutral solution at 25°C?
7.
What is "fitness" in the context of natural selection?
Fitness refers to an organism's ability to survive and reproduce in its environment.
What type of bond forms between amino acids in a protein?
Peptide bond.
Which type of enzyme regulation involves the binding of a molecule at a site other than the active site to change the enzyme's shape?
Allosteric regulation.
Which biomolecule serves as the blueprint for cell function and heredity?
Nucleic acids (DNA).
A solution with a pH of 3 is how many times more acidic than a solution with a pH of 5?
100 times more acidic (each pH unit represents a tenfold difference in acidity).
How does genetic variation contribute to natural selection?
Genetic variation provides the diversity of traits that natural selection acts upon, allowing advantageous traits to be passed on to the next generation.
Which protein structure is formed when a polypeptide chain folds into a three-dimensional shape?
Tertiary structure.
What is the name of the molecule that an enzyme acts upon in a biochemical reaction?
Substrate.
Which biomolecule is important for long-term energy storage and insulation?
Lipids.
What is an acid in terms of hydrogen ion concentration?
An acid is a substance that increases the concentration of hydrogen ions (H⁺) in a solution.
What role does mutation play in evolution by natural selection?
Mutation introduces new genetic variations, some of which may offer advantages that improve survival and reproduction.
What is the function of enzymes, which are proteins?
Enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions by lowering the activation energy.
What happens to an enzyme when it is exposed to high temperatures or extreme pH levels?
The enzyme denatures, meaning it loses its structure and function.
What biomolecule is responsible for the structure of cell membranes?
Lipids (phospholipids).
What is the difference between a strong acid and a weak acid?
A strong acid dissociates completely in water, while a weak acid only partially dissociates.
What is the difference between "survival of the fittest" and "survival of the adequate" in natural selection?
"Survival of the fittest" refers to the survival of individuals most suited to their environment, while "survival of the adequate" suggests that organisms with just enough traits to survive will pass on their genes.