Milk & Processing
What are two main processes used to make milk safe to drink?
Pasteurization and homogenization.
What plant-based milk is made from ground almonds and water?
Almond milk.
What is clarified butter?
Butter with milk solids and water removed for a higher smoke point.
What are the three main components of cheese?
Water, fat, and protein.
What are the three main parts of an egg?
Shell, white (albumen), and yolk.
What does pasteurization do?
Heats milk to kill harmful bacteria without affecting nutrition.
Which type of milk removes 60% of its water and has a slightly cooked flavor?
Evaporated milk.
What is a butter substitute made from vegetable oils and animal fats?
Margarine.
What is the difference between ripened and unripened cheese?
Ripened is aged; unripened is eaten fresh.
What USDA grades are sold for retail purchase?
Grade AA and Grade A
What does homogenization do?
Breaks down fat and blends it evenly through the milk.
What is the fat content of whole milk?
At least 3.25%
What bacterial process creates cultured dairy products like yogurt or sour cream?
Fermentation with lactic acid bacteria.
What kind of cheese has mold injected before aging?
Blue-veined cheese.
What causes soufflés to puff during cooking?
Whipped egg whites.
What is lactose intolerance?
A digestive issue caused by the body’s inability to process lactose.
What’s the difference between lactose intolerance and a casein allergy?
Lactose intolerance is digestive; casein allergy is a protein allergy.
What is the fat percentage in butter?
At least 80% butterfat.
Which cheese category includes Brie and Camembert?
Soft-ripened cheese.
What cooking temperature is required for fried eggs?
145°F for at least 15 seconds
At what temperature must milk be received and then cooled?
Receive at 45°F or lower, cool to 41°F within 4 hours.
What kind of milk is made shelf-stable and doesn’t need refrigeration for up to 9 months?
UHT (ultra-high temperature) milk
Which cream has 30–36% fat and is used for sauces and desserts?
Light whipping cream.
What type of cheese includes mozzarella and provolone and is made by stretching curds?
Pasta filata.
What type of egg dish is a savory baked custard with milk or cream?
Quiche.