Variables/ Levels of Measurement
Something that changes or that can be changed.
What is variable?
A circular data visualization that shows slices proportional to the percent values of the data categories that collectively make the whole.
What is a pie chart?
This type of study involves manipulating one variable to see its effect on another variable.
What is an experimental study?
This term describes a relationship where two variables appear to be connected but one does not necessarily cause the other.
What is correlation?
Data dealing with numbers, such as height, volume, length, time, temperature, etc.
What is quantitative data?
An ordered sequence of values of a variable at equally spaced time intervals.
What is a time series?
In this type of study, a researcher observes outcomes without interfering or applying any treatments.
What is an observational study?
This term describes a relationship where one variable directly influences or determines the outcome of another.
What is causation?
Data dealing with descriptors and characteristics, such as color, texture, odor, etc.
What is qualitative data?
This type of chart is best suited for visualizing discrete values
What is a bar graph?
Researchers should use this study design when it’s essential to prevent both participants and researchers from knowing who is receiving the treatment.
What is a double-blind study?
This type of variable is an outside influence that affects both the independent and dependent variables, potentially misleading the results of a study.
What is a confounding variable?
A variable that represents a quantity that is being manipulated in an experiment. The letter x is often the variable used to represent this variable in an equation.
What is independent variable?
This chart is best used when comparing quantities of the dependent variable among different categories of the independent variable
What is a bar graph?
This is used as a control in experimental studies, allowing researchers to compare the effects of the treatment against no treatment.
What is a placebo?
This phrase describes why a researcher cannot assume that just because two variables move together, one causes the other.
What is “correlation does not imply causation”?
Imagine researchers are studying whether the amount of time students spend outdoors affects their mood levels. Name the independent and dependent variable in this study.
What is the amount of time students spend outdoors (IV) and mood levels of the students (DV).
When representing a time series, each bar represents a ________, __________, or ____________.
What is a day, month, or year.?
In an experimental study, these two types of variables must be included to properly measure the effects of an intervention.
What are the independent and dependent variables
In a study, researchers observe that students who spend more time on social media have lower grades. However, these students also report higher levels of stress from part-time jobs. What is the confounding variable?
What is stress from part-time jobs?