Nucleotide Basics
This molecule consists of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
nucleotide
The term for the twisted ladder structure of DNA.
double helix
This process copies DNA into two identical strands
DNA replication
A mutation where one nucleotide is replaced with another
substitution mutation
The order of information flow in cells, starting with DNA
DNA → RNA → protein → trait
The sugar found in DNA nucleotides
Deoxyribose
The base-pairing rule explains that adenine pairs with this base
Thymine
The enzyme that unwinds DNA during replication.
helicase
A mutation where one or more nucleotides are added to the sequence.
insertion mutation
The location where transcription occurs
the nucleus
The sugar found in RNA nucleotides
ribose
The term for base pairs that pair with each other due to chemical complementarity.
complementary bases
This process transcribes DNA into RNA
transcription
A mutation where one or more nucleotides are removed from the sequence.
deletion mutation
The organelle where translation occurs
the ribosome
These two molecules form the backbone of DNA and RNA
phosphate groups and sugars
These are the four nucleotides in DNA
adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine
his enzyme creates an RNA strand from a DNA template
RNA polymerase
A type of mutation that changes the reading frame of a gene
frameshift mutation
The tool used to determine amino acid sequences from RNA codons
RNA codon chart
These molecules form the instructions for physical traits
What are nitrogenous bases
These are the four nucleotides in RNA
adenine, uracil, cytosine, and guanine
The process of translating RNA into a protein chain
translation
The reason frameshift mutations are more damaging than point mutations.
because they affect all codons downstream of the mutation
If given a DNA strand, these are the three things you can write from it