Migration & Early Peoples
What land bridge did early peoples use to migrate into the Americas?
Beringia
Which Native group built longhouses and had a confederacy?
Iroquois
What invention helped European sailors navigate?
Compass
What was Columbus originally looking for in 1492?
A sea route to Asia
What does “colonization” mean in this context?
Taking control of land/people in a new area
What major discovery allowed people to settle in one place?
Agriculture / Farming
What was a major unifying factor among Native American groups?
Trade networks
What was the name of the European period dominated by feudalism and the Church?
Middle Ages
What term refers to the transfer of plants, animals, and disease between hemispheres?
Columbian Exchange
What is one positive effect of the Columbian Exchange?
New crops, livestock, economic growth
What crop was central to early farming in the Americas?
Maize
What geographic factor most shaped Native housing and food sources?
Environment/Climate
What African empire became wealthy trading gold and salt?
Mali
What group of Europeans reached the Americas before Columbus but left little impact?
Vikings
What was the overall global consequence of the Columbian Exchange?
Reshaped diets, economies, populations globally
Which civilization built terraces in the Andes Mountains?
Inca
Name two differences between Plains and Eastern Woodlands tribes.
Housing (tipis vs. longhouses), buffalo vs. farming
What religion spread across Africa via trade?
Islam
What were the three main motives for European exploration?
Gold, Glory, God
How did trade routes help destabilize feudal Europe?
Brought new ideas and wealth that encouraged change
What happened after the Ice Age that forced people to adapt their lifestyles?
Large game disappeared; climate changed, leading to agriculture
What did the Iroquois Confederacy represent politically?
Early democratic governance
Name one technological contribution from China or the Islamic world.
Compass, gunpowder, printing, scientific knowledge
What was one negative effect of the Columbian Exchange on Native peoples?
Disease, death, enslavement
Explain the main reason the Columbian Exchange was unequal.
Europe gained wealth while Indigenous peoples lost lives and land