Immune Basics
What type of immunity do vaccines provide?
Active acquired immunity
What organ filters blood and removes old RBCs
The spleen
what immunoglobin is assosciated with allergic reactions
IgE
A PT develops hives after eating shrimp. What is this reaction called
Urtcaria-Type 1 allergic reaction
What is the 1st line treatment for anaphylaxis?
Epinephrine IM (EPI-PEN)
Which white blood cell is the first responder during an infection?
Neutrophils
What structure prevents backflow of lymph in vessels
One way valves
Which hypersensitivity type involves immediate allergic reactions like anaphylaxis
Type 1 hypersensitivity
Your PT has a swollen lymph node in the neck. What is this term
Cervical lymphadenopathy
What medication blocks histamine receptors?
Antihistamines (Diphenhydramine)
What cells provide antibodies?
What organ is respomsible for T-Cell maturation
Thymus
Name 2 common anaphylaxis symptoms
wheezing, swelling, hypotension, tachycardia, airway closure
A PT receives a blood transfusion and develops fever and chills. What type of reaction is this
Type 2 hypersensitivity-acute hemolytic transfusion reaction
What position should the PT be in during anaphylaxis if hypotensive?
Supine with legs elevated (unless respiratory distress requires upright)
What is the main function of the complement system?
Enhance immune respones-Inflammation
What condition occurs when lymph flow is blocked, leading to fluid accumulation?
Lymphdema
What cells release histamine during an allergic reaction?
Mast cells and basophils
A PT reports tingling lips and mild wheezing minutes after a peanut exposure. What is your priority
Call for help. Administer epi-pen
What should the nurse monitor after epinephrine administration?
Heart rate, BP, airway, O2 Saturation, repeat symptoms
Name 3 lines of immune defense
Physical barrier (Skin/mucosa)
Innate immunity
Adaptive immunity
What is lymph
Interstitial fluid collected into the lymphatic vessels
What is the term for a severe life threatening allergic reaction involving multiple body systems
Anaphylaxis
A PT on penicillin develops a rash 24-48 hours later. Which hypersensitivity reaction is this?
Type 4 delayed hypersensitivity (T-Cell mediated)
Name 2 long term allergy treatment strategies
Allergen avoidance, immunotherapy, antihistamines, corticosteroids, EPI-PEN