Drug history and legislation
This 1914 law required anyone dispensing opium or cocaine to register and pay a tax.
Harrison Act?
This drug was culturally accepted in China but became a major concern to U.S. and British officials in the 19th century.
Opium
Delinquent behavior among adolescents often occurs ______ drug abuse.
before
A sentencing structure where a judge sets a minimum and maximum term, and a parole board decides release.
Indeterminate sentencing
This theory argues that deviant behavior results from blocked pathways to success.
Anomie
This act passed in 1970 replaced all prior federal drug laws, including the Harrison Act and the Marihuana Tax Act.
Controlled Substances Act
A synergistic effect occurs when the combined effect of two drugs is ______ than the sum of each individually.
Greater
Goldstein’s model that links drug‑induced changes in the brain to violent behavior is called the ______ model.
Psychopharmacological model
The average sentence imposed on federal drug offenders is this many years.
5-6 years
This theory suggests external cues can trigger relapse.
Pavlovian conditioning
This 1919 legislation prohibited distribution of beverages containing more than 0.5% alcohol.
Volstead Act
This hallucinogen, derived from a cactus, is also known as peyote.
Mescaline
A drug user who steals property to sell for drug money is committing this type of crime.
Acquisitive crime
A policy that punishes crack cocaine more harshly than powder cocaine is an example of this type of discrimination.
Institutional discrimination
Risk‑taking, impulsivity, and low self‑esteem are traits emphasized by this theoretical perspective.
Psychodynamic/personality theories
Illinois was the first state to regulate this drug, making it illegal to sell without a prescription.
Cocaine
This opiate derivative was marketed by Bayer in 1898 as a cough suppressant.
Heroin
These two major types of non‑drug crimes most commonly accompany illegal drug use.
Property and violent crimes
From 1982–2011, federal drug convictions increased by this factor.
Four-fold
This model views addiction as a disease and encourages treatment over punishment.
Disease model
This 1956 act established a mandatory 5‑year sentence for first‑time narcotics offenders and allowed the death penalty for selling heroin to minors.
Narcotic Control Act
This barrier must be crossed by a drug in the bloodstream to produce psychoactive effects.
Blood-brain barrier
According to Roth, chronic drug use can severely alter this biological system, contributing to violent behavior.
Neurochemistry
This study found that prison admission rates for Black men were 26–57 times higher than for white men.
Punishment and Prejudice report
These two theories explain how peer vs. parent influence shifts across adolescence.
Social development and life course