The First New Deal
This event closed all U.S. banks temporarily to stop panic withdrawals (also the first topic of FDR's inaugural "Fireside Chat")
What was the Bank Holiday?
This 1935 law guaranteed workers the right to collective bargaining.
What was the Wagner Act? (National Labor Relations Act)
This massive work-relief program built roads, bridges, and public buildings and supported the arts.
What was the Works Progress Administration (WPA)
FDR’s radio addresses explaining New Deal policies were called these.
What were Fireside Chats
This group was excluded from Social Security, as they primarily worked in agriculture or domestic service.
Black Americans
These programs were known by initials like AAA, NRA, and CCC.
This new labor organization, led by John L. Lewis as a split from the AFL, organized entire industries, and was much more aggressive and inclusive
What was the Congress of Industrial Organizations (CIO)?
This 1935 law created unemployment insurance and old-age pensions.
What was the Social Security Act?
This organization accused FDR of threatening free enterprise and individual liberty.
What was the American Liberty League?
How did Eleanor Roosevelt change the role of First Lady?
She advocated for civil rights and labor reform, had her own radio show, newspaper, press conferences, travelled when her husband really couldn't
This act separated commercial and investment banking and created the FDIC.
What was the Glass-Steagall Act?
Workers used this tactic by occupying factories to prevent replacements from being hired.
What were sit-down strikes?
This British economist argued government deficit spending was necessary during downturns.
Who was John Maynard Keynes?
This 1937 proposal attempted to add new Supreme Court justices.
What was the "Court-packing" plan?
This policy practice strategically denied mortgages to Black neighborhoods.
What is redlining?
This federal program refinanced mortgages to help families avoid foreclosure.
What was the Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC)?
This Louisian politician, Huey Long, proposed this program as a more radical economic solution
What was the "Share Our Wealth" Program?
Unlike the First New Deal, which focused on immediate relief and recovery, the Second New Deal focused primarily on this long-term goal.
What was economic security?
FDR redefined freedom as this concept tied to economic stability and protection.
Which two groups of immigrants were primarily targeted during the Depression and New Deal? Why?
Mexican-Americans and Filipino-Americans (they worked in primarily agricultural realm, were accused of taking jobs)
The U.S. took this step to allow expansion of the money supply and encourage spending.
What was leaving the gold standard?
This economic theory argued the Depression was caused by workers not earning enough to buy goods.
What was underconsumption theory?
What factors gave Roosevelt more confidence to be a bit more radical and give the federal government even more power during the Second New Deal?
Democratic gains in Congress, popularity of populist leaders (Townsend, Long, etc.)
Name some groups within the New Deal Coalition, established after FDR's landslide re-election in 1936
This political force in Congress shaped New Deal programs to protect segregation.