Wars & Treaties
The War of the Pacific was fought by which nations and for what reason?
Bolivia, Chile, Peru - over the control of natural resources.
How did European nations gain much of their land in West Africa, Southeast Asia, and the Pacific islands?
“Imperialism Plan” designed to increase profitability.
What is meant by the "Second Industrial Revolution"?
A period of rapid industrialization in the late 19th and early 20th centuries.
Define total war as it relates to World War I.
The complete mobilization of resources and people, affecting civilians and soldiers alike.
Porfirio Diaz:
Served as president of Mexico and brought economic stability.
What was the British North America Act?
Created the "Dominion of Canada" in 1867.
What was the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo?
It ended the Mexican-American War and added 525,000 square miles of land to the U.S.
Explain the purpose and result of the Berlin Conference of 1885.
The conference divided Africa among European powers, leading to colonization without regard for ethnic or cultural boundaries.
Define the Gilded Age and how its economic practices diverged from Adam Smith’s principles.
The Gilded Age was marked by wealth inequality and monopolies, contrasting Adam Smith’s free-market ideals.
Why was the Ottoman Empire called the "sick man of Europe"?
Decline due to lack of industrialization, territorial losses, and economic instability.
Cecil Rhodes:
British entrepreneur and mining magnate, expanded British territory in South Africa.
Name the only country not to join Wilson’s League of Nations and why.
The U.S.; Wilson did not approve the Senate's changes.
The allies gave Hitler everything he wanted at the:
Munich Conference
What was one effect of New Imperialism on Southeast Asia?
Establishment of colonial rule and exploitation of local resources.
Began in 1929 with the crash of the New York Stock Exchange. How did this incident affect the German economy?
The Great Depression led to massive unemployment and economic instability in Germany.
Explain the cause of the rise of fascism in Europe.
Economic instability, political unrest, and resentment over WWI outcomes.
Josef Stalin:
Started the gulag system in Russia.
What was the Triple Alliance?
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy, Ottoman Empire.
What was the Treaty of Nanjing?
It ended the First Opium War and forced China to make concessions to Britain, including the cession of Hong Kong.
Explain one cause of New Imperialism.
The search for new markets and resources to fuel industrial growth.
How did Stalin’s collectivism affect Soviet agriculture?
Forced collectivization led to famine and millions of deaths.
What was the Indian Removal Act?
Legislation that forced thousands of Native Americans off their land, including the Trail of Tears.
Benito Mussolini:
Head of the Fascist Party in Italy.
List the four main causes of World War I.
Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism.
Explain how the Treaty of Versailles set the stage for future conflicts.
It embittered Germany by enforcing the War Guilt Clause, reparations, land losses, a DMZ in the Rhineland, and military restrictions.
Explain one effect of New Imperialism on Europe.
Increased competition among European powers and expanded influence.
Stalin replaced peasant villages with large, state run farms. This process was called...
Name one other thing Stalin did to create a communist state
Collectivism
Heavy industrialization; eliminating dissent; unionization
Name the German government created after WWI and two problems it faced.
The Weimar Republic; faced political instability, hyperinflation, and Treaty of Versailles constraints.
General Tojo:
Leader of Japan’s military government during WWII.
What happened when the U.S. entered World War I?
Provided fresh troops, resources, and morale, tipping the balance for the Allies.
A railway explosion that Japan blamed on China
critical waterway between the Mediterranean and the Red Sea that shortened shipping times between the continents of ______ & ________
Manchurian Incident
Asia & Africa
Numerous cattle were killed and thousands of lives were lost in this African region. Explain why.
Xhosa; a young girl's prophecy led to fear; around 400,000 cattle were slaughtered and 80,000 Xhosa died of starvation
Why did the Germans allow Lenin to cross through Germany on his way to Russia?
They wanted Lenin in Russia, where they hoped he would foment rebellion.