Early Civilizations
One of the earliest cities; first walled settlement.
Jericho
The most powerful body in the Roman Republic was…
Senate
The hallmark of the Persian government system was the use of governors called…
satraps
Angels, God, Holy books, Prophets, Predestination, Day of Judgment.
Six Articles of Faith in Islam
Legal and social system (1000–1400) including serfs, lords, and knights.
feudalism
Treaty resolving Spanish and Portuguese territorial disputes after discovery of ocean routes.
Treaty of Tordesillas
Sea-traders who gave away their alphabet for free.
Phoenicians
Term for all humans and their ancestors.
hominins
Roman emperor who issued the Edict of Milan allowing freedom of worship.
Constantine
Overthrew an imposter to become ruler of Persia; reformed the political system.
Darius I
Islam is a ____, not a _____.
Political system; religion.
The basic core of curriculum in European universities.
liberal arts
Firstborn males inherit the entire estate.
primogeniture
Last great Assyrian king; created one of the world’s earliest libraries.
Ashurbanipal
Developed stone tools and cultivated crops.
Neolithic peoples
Made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire.
Theodosius I
Son of Darius I.
Xerxes
Started the Protestant Reformation.
Martin Luther
Primary method of instruction in Europe between 1100–1500; encouraged reasoning and research.
scholasticism
Empire expanded under his rule; crowned emperor of the Holy Roman Empire.
Charlemagne
Year the Gutenberg Bible was printed.
1456
Archaeological principle that material from upper layers must be more recent than that from lower layers.
stratigraphy
Declared himself emperor of Rome; murdered by his Senators.
Julius Caesar
Identify Cyrus and explain his importance in biblical prophecy.
Cyrus enabled Jews to return to their homeland; Isaiah 44:28 predicts he will rebuild Jerusalem and the temple.
Passed through Geneva, helping transform the city’s government and culture.
John Calvin
Catholics wanted to affirm the purest form of Catholicism and change abuses within the church.
Counter-Reformation
Reasons pilgrims make hajj to Mecca.
It is one of the Five Pillars of Islam; Muhammad did it.
Developed stone tools and cultivated crops.
Neolithic peoples
List the FIVE characteristics of a civilization.
Stable food supply, advanced technology, complex social institutions, arts and monument building, form of writing.
Describe the series of wars Rome fought between 264–146 B.C.
The Punic Wars against Carthage; First Punic War—land and sea battles, Rome wins; Second—Hannibal crosses the Alps, defeated at Zama; Third—Rome sows Carthage with salt.
Warriors who developed iron tools and weapons.
Hittites
Words spoken by Martin Luther at the Diet of Worms.
“My conscience is captive to the Word of God. I cannot and will not recant. Acting against one's conscience is neither safe nor sound. God help me.”
Reformers within Protestantism who wanted to cleanse the English church of wrong doctrine and practices.
Puritans
Roman lawyer famous for his descriptive letters, especially about Vesuvius eruption.
Pliny
Non-Greeks who invaded Roman territory.
Barbarians
Did hunter-gatherers precede farmers? Use biblical evidence and archaeological findings.
Describe the series of wars Rome fought (264–146 B.C.).
Explain the differences between Sunnis and Shi’ites.
Contrast justice in Hammurabi’s code with Mosaic Law.
Hammurabi’s code gave different punishments based on wealth and status. Mosaic law applied to all citizens equally.
Discuss how the Black Death contributed to social, economic, and political change.