Thermal Transfer
Heating soup by stirring it with a metal spoon causes the spoon's handle to get warm, which is an example of (conduction, convection, radiation.)
The heat you feel standing near a campfire is an example of {conduction, convection, radiation}
The mechanism for heat transfer in gases and liquids is primarily {conduction, convection, radiation}.
Answer: Conduction, Radiation, Convection
The primary mechanism of heat transfer is (conduction, convection, radiation) when a chef uses a metal skewer to cook food.
Answer: Conduction
When you place a cold can of soda on a kitchen counter on a hot day, the soda will (gain or lose) thermal energy from the air around it.
The transfer of energy between the soda and the surrounding air is primarily due to (conduction, convection, radiation.)
Answer: Gain, Convection
Maya boiled water in a pot and then removed it from the stove. She observed that steam was rising from the water, causing the water's temperature to (rise, fall, stay the same). This heat loss, primarily caused by the fast-moving water molecules escaping the surface, is an example of (conduction, evaporation, radiation).
Fall, Evaporation.
The most direct way to increase the average kinetic energy of water particles is to (add salt, decrease pressure, heat the water). This action causes the (temperature, volume, density) of the water to rise.
Answer: Heat the water, Temperature
Thermal energy transfer that requires the movement of matter is called {conduction, convection, radiation.
The sun warming the Earth's surface through electromagnetic waves is an example of {conduction, convection, radiation).
A pan heating up on a stove burner is an example of {conduction, convection, radiation)
Answer: Convection, Radiation, Conduction
An experiment involves placing a room-temperature coin on a block of ice and observing the ice melt underneath the coin. The primary method of heat transfer from the coin to the ice is (conduction, convection, radiation.)
Answer: Conduction
A student holds an ice cube in their hand. Heat transfers from the (hand, ice cube) to the (hand, ice cube). The energy transfer happens mainly through (conduction, convection, radiation) because the hand and the ice cube are in direct contact.
Answer: Hand, Ice Cube, Conduction
A student notices that when she heats a ceramic plate in a microwave, the plate gets much hotter than the food she is trying to warm up. This happens because the plate has a lower (density, specific heat, volume) than the food, meaning it requires less energy to significantly raise its (mass, temperature, volume).
Specific heat, Temperature.
If you measure the temperature of a substance, you are essentially measuring the (total, average, potential) kinetic energy of its particles. When a substance cools down, the particles begin to move (faster, slower, the same speed), causing a decrease in this measured value.
Answer: Average, Slower
Heat transfer by the collision of particles without the mass moving is known as {conduction, convection, radiation).
The process that creates wind and weather patterns in the atmosphere is primarily {conduction, convection, radiation).
This mechanism is the only one that can transfer heat through the vacuum of space: {conduction, convection, radiatio).
Answer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
An investigation compares how quickly a cup of hot cocoa cools down when covered with a lid versus when left open. Cooling with the lid off allows for significant heat loss through (conduction, convection, radiation) as warm air escapes.
Answer: Convection
A sealed glass jar of pickles is placed next to a sunny window. Over several hours, the jar and the pickles (gain, lose thermal energy.) This energy transfer happens because the window glass allows (conduction, convection, radiation from the sun to pass through).
Gain, Radiation.
A faulty thermometer is used to measure the final temperature of a hot liquid. If the thermometer consistently reads lower than the actual temperature, the calculated amount of thermal energy transferred in the experiment will be (higher, lower, unaffected) than the true value. This is because it's directly proportional to the change in (mass, specific heat, temperature).
Lower, Temperature.
On a sunny day, the temperature of the air above the beach is {higher, lower} than the sand. Heat is transferred from the hot sand to the cooler air primarily by {conduction, convection, radiation}. The difference in temperature between the sand and the shaded air represents a {potential, kinetic, mechanical} energy gradient.
Answer: Lower, Conduction, Potential
Placing a hand above a working toaster oven primarily involves {conduction, convection, radiation}.
Placing a hand to the side of a working toaster oven primarily involves {conduction, convection, radiation}.
Wrapping a sweater around a cold bottle to keep it from warming up is trying to reduce {conduction, convection, radiation.)
Answer: Convection, Radiation, Conduction
A student places a thermometer a few inches away from a lightbulb that has been on for several minutes and observes the temperature rise. The primary form of energy causing the thermometer's temperature to rise is (conduction, convection, radiation.)
Answer: Radiation
A pot of water is boiling vigorously on a stove. The water at the bottom of the pot (gains, lose) energy from the burner via conduction, becomes less (dense, massive, and rises). This process of bulk fluid movement is called (conduction, convection, radiation)
Gain, Dense, Convection.
Sarah wants to perfectly seal a room to prevent heat loss through the walls and windows (conduction, convection, radiation).
Conduction.
The hot sand has particles with (less, more) kinetic energy than the shaded sand, meaning its particles are (more massive, moving faster.)
This increased particle movement is what we measure as a higher (volume, temperature, density.)
Answer: More, Moving faster, Temperature
The primary method of heat transfer within a solid metal bar is (conduction, convection, radiation.)
Heat transfer in the Earth's mantle that drives plate tectonics is an example of (conduction, convection, radiation.)
Thermal equilibrium is achieved when the rate of (conduction, convection, radiation) between two objects is equal, although one form may dominate the transfer.
Answer: Conduction, Convection, Radiation
An investigation compares using an oven set at 350°F versus a microwave to heat a casserole. The oven heats the air around the dish, primarily using (conduction, convection, radiation) to warm the food's surface.
The microwave uses electromagnetic waves, which is a form of (conduction, convection, radiation), to excite water molecules throughout the food.
Answer: Convection, Radiation
An astronaut working outside the International Space Station (ISS) is primarily concerned with losing thermal energy to the vacuum of space through (conduction, convection, radiation). If the astronaut touches a cold metal tool, heat would transfer from the astronaut's hand to the tool via (conduction, convection, radiation), resulting in a thermal energy (gain, loss) for the astronaut.
Radiation, Conduction, Loss.
An engineer designs a solar collector to absorb the sun's energy. The collector must have a (light-colored, dark-colored, mirrored) surface to maximize the absorption of (conduction, convection, radiation). If the collector were placed in a vacuum chamber, the only method of heat transfer to the collector would be (conduction, convection, radiation).
Dark-colored, Radiation, Radiation.
A black towel placed on the sunny sand would absorb the sun's radiation (better, worse) than a white towel. After an hour, the particles in the black towel would have a (higher, lower) average kinetic energy, demonstrating that darker surfaces are better (reflectors, conductors, absorbers) of radiant energy.
Answer: Better, Higher, Absorbers