Religion
They are monotheistic religions that believe in one God and share a connection to Abraham.
What do Judaism, Christianity, and Islam have in common?
They shared language, religion, and culture but often competed and fought each other
What was the relationship between Greek city-states?
Greek
Which culture influenced Roman art, architecture, mythology, and religion the most?
A hereditary social hierarchy that influenced people's occupations, status, and social opportunities
What was the Indian caste system?
The Silk Road
What was the world's most important overland trade network connecting China with the West?
Faith, prayer, charity, fasting during Ramadan, and pilgrimage to Mecca.
What are the Five Pillars of Islam?
Sparta focused on military training, discipline, and obedience.
How was Sparta's way of life different from Athens?
The Republic had elected officials and a Senate; the Empire was ruled by an emperor with greater centralized power
What was the difference between the Roman Republic and the Roman Empire?
The Indian caste system had four classes: Brahmins (priests), Kshatriyas (warriors), Vaishyas (merchants and farmers), and Shudras (laborers). Dalits were outside the caste system and faced the most discrimination because they were considered “impure.”
Describe the Indian Caste system – what social
classes existed within it. Which was the worst
class and why were they considered this?
Silk.
What was the most famous product traded along the Silk Road?
Roman Catholicism and Eastern Orthodoxy
What two branches of Christianity resulted from the Great Schism of 1054?
Athens developed direct democracy. Adult male citizens could participate, but women, enslaved people, and foreigners could not
How did Athens govern, and who could vote?
Constantine legalized Christianity through the Edict of Milan in 313 CE, helping end official persecution.
Which Roman emperor helped Christianity gain acceptance, and why?
This emperor founded the Qin Dynasty
Qin Shi Huang, who unified China in 221 BCE
This connected civilizations through trade and spread religions, inventions, technologies, and ideas
Why was the Silk Road important to civilizations?
Islam split into Sunni and Shia branches
What other major religion experienced a schism, and what were its two main branches?
A war between Athens and Sparta and their allies from 431 to 404 BCE. Sparta eventually won.
What was the Peloponnesian War?
Missionaries, apostles, roads, and trade routes helped spread Christianity. Christians were initially persecuted, but it later became legally accepted and eventually the official religion.
How did Christianity spread through the Roman Empire? Was it accepted at first?
Shang → Zhou → Qin → Han.
Put the Shang, Zhou, Qin, and Han dynasties in chronological order
Military strength, conquest, alliances, effective organization, roads, and territorial expansion
What helped the Roman Republic and Empire rise to power?
Buddhists seek enlightenment and nirvana by overcoming desire and suffering. Buddhism spread through missionaries, trade routes, and rulers such as Ashoka
What do Buddhists believe, and how did Buddhism spread?
He conquered the Persian Empire and spread Greek culture across a vast territory, creating the Hellenistic world.
What did Alexander the Great accomplish?
Political instability, economic problems, heavy taxes, a weakened military, and invasions by Germanic groups
What weaknesses led to the fall of the Western Roman Empire?
The Maurya Empire was highly centralized and is associated with Ashoka and Buddhism. The Gupta Empire was known for achievements in mathematics, science, literature, and art.
How were the Maurya and Gupta Empires different?
Both had a Senate, Roman laws, a military, roads, and a shared Roman culture, although the Senate's power changed under the Empire
What were the Roman Republic and Roman Empire's similarities?