Embryology
Breasts are derived from this primary germ layer.
Ectoderm
Black thyroid” is a benign pigmentation of thyroid follicular cells in patients who have received this type of treatment for conditions like acne?
Tetracycline (e.g. monocycline) antiobiotic treatment
A 37 year old female presents for a breast FNA of a 6cm circumscribed mass with ill-defined edges. Cytology demonstrates primarily stromal cells. This most likely represents what diagnosis?
Phyllodes Tumor
The Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid requires ______ groups of follicular cells.
Six
This type of tissue comprises the bulk of breast tissue.
Fibroadipose tissue
The main cells of the thyroid are derived from this germ layer.
Endoderm
(main cells: follicular cells)
A 47 year old female patient presents for a Thyroid FNA with a diffuse, painless enlargement without nodularity. Cytology demonstrates a hypercellular smear consisting of a polymorphous pattern of lymphoid elements. What is the most likely diagnosis and what malignancy does this patient have an increased risk of developing in the future?
Hashimotos Thyroiditis & Lymphoma
This process is a common benign inflammatory lesion that occurs in response to breast injury.
Fat necrosis
Proteinaceous material, macrophages, and rare benign-appearing but poorly preserved squamous cells should be reported under what category of The Bethesda System?
II Benign.
The findings are consistent with a benign developmental cyst such as a thyroglossal duct cyst.
Secretory carcinoma of the thyroid is a malignant epithelial tumor that histologically and cytologically markedly resembles what malignancy?
secretory carcinoma of the breast
When fully formed, the thyroid contains two lobes connected by this structure.
Isthmus
If a Thyroid cyst has residual masses after aspiration, what is the appropriate follow up?
It should be further evaluated for malignancy due to the fact that papillary carcinoma can arise in a cyst, and cystic changes can occur in any neoplasm/malignancy.
Obesity, liver or kidney disease, hormone deficiency, hormone producing tumors are all risk factors for this condition.
Gynecomastia
According to The Bethesda System, groups of large, atypical, “histiocytoid” cells with enlarged nuclei and abundant vacuolated cytoplasm warrant a diagnosis of Suspicious for _______?
Cystic papillary thyroid carcinoma.
Cystic PTCs have unusual features that differ from those of the classic PTC, sometimes obscured by blood and macrophages. Some contain large cells with abundant dense or vacuolated cytoplasm and pleomorphic nuclei (“histiocytoid cells”). Such PTCs can be difficult to diagnose with certainty as malignant.
Lobules in the breast are located within what two types of tissue?
stroma and fibroadipose tissue
Parathyroid glands function to maintain ______.
Calcium homeostasis
Papillary carcinoma with Hurtle cell features characterizes what diagnosis?
Hurthle cell neoplasm
A 32 year old female patient presents for a breast FNA of a slow growing, painless breast mass. Cytology demonstrates ductal cells in papillary formations and myoepithelial cells. What is the most likely diagnosis?
Fibroadenoma
According to the Bethesda System, patients who receive a Non-Diagnostic diagnosis for a Thyroid FNA should receive what kind of follow up?
A repeat FNA with ultrasound/ROSE
Oxytocin from the posterior pituitary gland causes contraction of which cells to cause the expression of milk in acini and out to ducts?
myoepithelial
Embryologically, breasts are considered modified ______.
Sweat glands
When associated with papillary thyroid cancer, colloid is often described as?
thick and scanty
This type of breast cancer is diagnosed in 40% to 75% of all breast cancers and presents as painless, palpable, and slow growing masses with bloody nipple discharge, peau d’orange skin, dimpling, and skin lesions. What is the diagnosis?
Infiltrating ductal carcinoma
According to The Bethesda System, Medullary thyroid carcinoma accounts for approximately what percentage of all newly diagnosed thyroid carcinomas?
1-2%
The term "Orphan Annie nuclei" found in histologic sections of papillary thyroid cancer is associated with what type artifact?
histologic fixation artifact