Metabolic Control
Pyruvate and On
Metabolism
Lipids
Health
Misc
100
This is the term for when an enzyme is activated or inactivated by the addition of a phosphate group
What is phosphorylation?
100
This means a reaction does NOT use oxygen
What is "anaerobic"?
100
This is the process of turning glucose into glycogen
What is glucogenesis?
100
This is the type of linkage between fatty acids and glycerol in a triacylglyceride
What is ester linkage?
100
Good or bad? You want more of this density of cholesterol
What is HDL? (high density)
100
These long-chain esters, or sometimes ethers, are found on ducks, cacti, and the like
What are waxes?
200
If an enzyme is turned off when a group is added to a place that is NOT the active site, it is this type of inhibition
What is allosteric?
200
This is how many times more energy is made in Kreb's cycle (citric acid cycle) than in glycolysis
What is 15-16x more?
200
Gluconeogenesis is to fructobisphosphotase-1 as glycogenesis is to _______________
What is glycogen phosphorylase?
200
This is the structure of a individual soap molecule, and the formation it makes
What is a carboxylate acid salt, which orients itself into a micelle
200
Beef and red meats have a lot of this type of less healthy fatty acid. Try replacing with fish
What is omega-6? (and fish have omega-3)
200
This pathway is used to make the sugar for DNA, RNA, and other 5C rings
What is the pentose phosphate pathway?
300
Turning on or off the ____________ enzyme is the primary way of controlling gluconeogenesis
What is fructobisphosphotase-1? (fbpase-1)?
300
The anaerobic fates of pyruvate differ by organisms. Which organisms do what?
What is:
Humans/animals/etc: lactic acid cycle
Yeast: ethanol fermentation
300
Glycolysis occurs especially often in these cells, often detected by a PET scan
What are tumor cells?
300
This is what happens to the boiling point when a molecule has double bonds
The boiling point decreases, and it is more likely to be an oil
300
When frying oil, this is what happens to unsaturated fats
conversion of double bonds from cis to trans fats
300
Cozy up! This type of tissue is useful for staying warm
What is brown adipose tissue?
400
This is a pathway activated by the presence of insulin?
What is glycolysis or glycogenesis?
400
This is the (biochemical) reason we need to breath
Kreb's cycle requires oxygen (it is aerobic) and we get most of energy from that
400
These two enzymes control the conversion of glucose to glycogen, and vice versa
What is glycogen synthase and glycogen phosphorylase?
400
This is the correct delta notation for the following molecule
What is 16:1(∆9)?
400
Drink too much? Your body might overproduce this enzyme, that was also used to make the alcohol in the first place
What is alcohol dehydrogenase?
400
This is where sugar for your brain is stored
What is the liver?
500
This is the impact of phosphorylating glycogen phosphorylase via glucagon
What is activating/increasing glycogenolysis?
500
This is the reason the lactic acid cycle increases energy
What is that the lactic acid cycle recycles NADH back into NAD+, which is needed for glycolysis, and we get energy from glycolysis?
500
This is the difference in impact of epinephrine on muscle vs. liver cells
Epinephrine increases glycolysis in the muscles, while increasing gluconeogenesis in the liver
500
This is the common structure found in dyes and pigments
What is conjugated double bonds?
500
This is one of the fat-soluble vitamins
What is A, D, E, or K?
500
Describe the Cori cycle in detail
Glucose is needed during exercise. Pyruvate in the muscles must undergo anaerobic lactic acid fermentation during vigorous exercise. It is then sent through the blood to the liver, which turns it back into pyruvate and then glucose via gluconeogenesis. This is sent back to the muscles and stored as glycogen