What is Situations in which we look for one phenomenon but find something else
100
operationalization
the process of developing operational definitions, or specifying the exact operations involved in measuring a variable
What is
100
Causality
What is The assumption that a correlation indicates a causal relationship between the two variables
100
Confounding
What is A source of confusion regarding an explanation for a treatment; makes it difficult to explain, a situation where the effect of one variable on the response variable cannot be separated from the effect of another variable on the response variable.
100
standard deviation
What is computed measure of how much scores vary around the mean score.
200
Directional Research Hypothesis
What is Prediction of the specific outcome of the experiment.
e.g. Group A will score higher than Group B
200
reliability
What is quality of emasurement method that suggests that the same data would have been collected each time in repeated observations of the same phenomenon
200
Coefficient of Determination (r squared)
What is A measure of the proportion of the variance in one variable that is accounted for by another variable; calculated by squaring the correlation coefficient.
200
Double Blind Experiment
What is an experiment in which neither the experimenter nor the participants know which participants received which treatment
200
statistical significance
What is indication of how likely a result obtained occurred by chance - expressed as p or sig.
300
Non-directional Research Hypothesis
What is Specific prediction concerning the outcome is not made.
e.g. Group As scores will differ from Group Bs scores.
300
ethnography
What is report on social life that focuses on detailed and accurate description rather than explanation
300
Regression Analysis
What is A procedure that allows us to predict an individual's score on one variable based on knowing one or more other variables.
300
Snowball Sampling
What is selection of participants through referrals from earlier participants; also called network sampling
300
null hypothesis
What is Hypothesis that predicts NO relationship between variables. The aim of research is to reject this hypothesis
400
Research or Experimental Hypothesis
What is Experimenter's predicted outcome of a research project
400
quasi experiment
What is nonrigorous inquiries somewhat resembling controlled experiments but lacking key elements such as pre and posttesting and/or control groups
400
Scatterplot
What is A figure that raphically represents the relationship between two variables.
400
Internal Validity
What is the characteristic of an experiment that allows one to draw accurate inferences about the causal relationship between an independent and dependent variable
400
nominal data
What is data of categories only. Data cannot be arranged in an ordering scheme. (Gender, Race, Religion)
500
Principle of Falsifiability
What is When results of an experiment do not align with research hypothesis, it is seen as evidence that the hypothesis is false
500
time-series design
What is research design that involves measurements made over some period, such as the study of traffic accident rates before and after lowering the speed limit
500
Directionality
What is The inference made with respect to the direction of a causal relationship between two variables.
500
Debriefing
What is giving participants in a research study a complete explanation of the study after the study is completed
500
ordinal data
What is data exists in categories that are ordered but differences cannot be determined or they are meaningless. (Example: 1st, 2nd, 3rd)