Our Galaxy
What contains billions of stars in a space much larger than our solar system?
a galaxy
A blue shift of the light from a star indicates that the star is moving in what direction?
The star is moving closer to the Earth.
What is the temperature of our Sun?
5,500 K
Name the hottest star on the graph.
Spica
What is the current stage of our Sun?
Main Sequence Star
What galaxy are we located in?
Milky Way Galaxy
A red shift in the light from very distant galaxies suggests that the universe is (expanding/contracting)?
expanding
Name one star that has a similar temperature to the Sun.
Alpha Centauri; Polaris
Name the coolest star on the graph.
Proxima Centauri
What are the 4 stages listed on the HR Diagram?
White Dwarf, Main Sequence, Giants and Super Giants
What shape is our galaxy (The Milky Way)?
a spiral shape
What evidence best supports the theory that the universe began with a massive explosion?
cosmic background radiation in space
Name one star that has a similar luminosity to the Sun.
Alpha Centauri
Compare the temperature and luminosity of Procyon B to the sun.
Procyon B is HOTTER and DIMMER.
Compared to the surface temperature and luminosity of massive stars in the Main Sequence, the smaller stars in the Main Sequence are
a. hotter and less luminous
b. hotter and more luminous
c. cooler and less luminous
d. cooler and more luminous
c. cooler and less luminous
In the Milky Way Galaxy, where is our solar system located?
in the middle of an outer arm
Explain why the positions of the spectral lines of Barnard's Star are all shifted toward the blue end of the spectrum.
Barnard’s Star is moving towards the Earth.
Name the largest star on the graph.
Deneb
Compare the temperature and luminosity of Rigel to the sun.
Rigel is HOTTER and BRIGHTER.
Identify two stars from the Characteristics of Stars graph that are at the same life-cycle stage as the Sun.
–Spica
–Sirius
–Alpha Centauri
–Barnard's Star
–Proxima Centauri
In which list are celestial features correctly shown in order of increasing size?
a. galaxy → solar system → universe → planet
b. solar system → galaxy → planet → universe
c. planet → solar system → galaxy → universe
d. universe → galaxy → solar system → planet
c. planet → solar system → galaxy → universe
State the general relationship between a galaxy’s distance from Earth and the velocity at which the galaxy is moving away from Earth.
As distance from Earth increases, velocity increases.
Name the smallest stars on the graph.
Procyon B and Proxima Centauri
The star Betelgeuse is farther from Earth than the star Aldebaran. Explain why Betelgeuse appears brighter or more luminous than Aldebaran.
Betelgeuse is bigger than Aldebaran.
Which process combines lighter elements into heavier elements and produces energy within the Sun and other stars?
fusion