The Moors
Which word means "deadly ones" and describes the group of Muslims living in Spain?
Moros
(today, we call this group of people the Moors)
This was Charles "The Hammer's" original nickname
Martellus or Martel
This word means "icon-breaker" and describes Emperor Leo III
Iconoclast
What was St. Boniface's nickname?
Apostle of Germany
Don Pelayo
Name three groups that Charles Martel defeated
Saxons / Germans, Frisians, Bavarians, Hessians
Caliph
Who was the Caliph in ~600 AD?
Caliph Sulieman
How long did the struggle for the Iberian Peninsula last?
800 years
For what is St. Bede most remembered?
recording a history of England from the time of Julius Caesar to his own lifetime (~750 years worth of history)
Where does Charlemagne's name come from?
Charles Magnus = Charles the Great = Charlemagne
Who were the iconodules?
Those who thoughts icons could be holy and/or encouraged resistance against Leo III
This was the location of the battle between Charles Martel and Emir Abd-ar-Rahman.
Tours
What role did Pope Leo III give Charlemagne?
Holy Roman Emperor
What is the Massacre of Verden?
the event where Charlemange ordered 4,500 Saxons beheaded because they had killed many priests and burned many churches
This is the name of the most important surviving remnant of Islamic rule in the Iberian peninsula
La Alhambra
Describe 3 details of Al-Andalus
Rulers supported learning & the arts
Filled with beautiful cities, just legal systems, good commerce & excellent trade, and the people (mostly) experienced a luxurious lifestyle
There were many different groups of people (from Europe, Africa, and Asia) & many people were bilingual
There were Jews, Christians, and Muslims living in this country, and anyone who was not Muslim had to pay a very high tax for practicing their faith
What happened to the Frankish empire at Charlemagne's death?
Charlemagne gave his empire to his three sons: Charles, Pepin, and Louis (he made Charles the emperor and Pepin & Louis were kings who served Charles)
What was the Springtime of Learning?
British nobles competed to prove who could be the most generous to the Church. All this donated money brought a new love of learning to Britain. Monks recorded all the ancient history we have today.
Describe how Leo tricked Maslama
Leo promised to switch his loyalties to Caliph Sulieman and help Maslama attack Constantinople. Really, Leo just tricked Maslama into helping him ascend the throne. Then, Leo sent out a surprise attack on Maslama’s army and forced the Moorish army to retreat.