Dementia

Types of Dementia

100

This dementia presents with gradual onset of memory impairment, followed by language and visuospatial deficits.

Alzheimer's dementia

200

This dementia is characterized by a stepwise decline in cognition, often following strokes or transient ischemic attacks.

Vascular dementia

300

Fluctuating cognition, visual hallucinations, and REM sleep behavior disoreder are core features of which type of dementia.

Lewy Body dementia 

400

This type of dementia presents with early personality and behavioral changes, language impairment with relative preservation of memory.

Frontotemporal dementia 

500

This dementia presents with motor symptoms > 1 year before cognitive decline.

Parkinson’s disease dementia

Pathophysiology

100

True or false: Dementia is a normal part of againg?

False

200

This neurocognitive disorder is characterized by extracellular β-amyloid plaques and intracellular tau neurofibrillary tangles?

Alzheimer’s disease

300

This type of dementia is associated with cerebrovascular insults (eg. lacunar infarcts)

Vascular dementia  

400

This type of dementia is characterized by intracellular α-synuclein aggregates

Lewy body dementia 

500

This type of dementia involves abnormal TDP-43 or tau protein deposition

Frontotemporal dementia

Diagnosis/Workup

100

Initial laboratory workup for cognitive decline should routinely include TSH and which vitamin deficiency?

Vitamin B12

200

The sensitivity of this cognitive assessment for detecting mild cognitive impairment is ~ 90%.

Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

300

Anterior temporal lobe atrophy on MRI is most characteristic of this type of dementia.

Frontotemporal dementia 

400

Medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI is most characteristic of this type of dementia.

Alzheimer's dementia 

500

This CSF biomarker pattern (↓ Amyloid-beta 42 , ↑ tau) supports the diagnosis of which type of dementia?

Alzheimer's dementia 

Management

100

What is the first line management for Alzheimer dementia?

Non-pharmacological interventions (cognitive stimulation, exercise, massage, music..etc) 

200

Which neurotransmitter is targeted by the medication Donepezil?

Acetylcholine

300

This medication is an NMDA receptor antagonist used in moderate to severe Alzheimer’s dementia.

Memantine 

400

This FDA approved disease modifying antibody for early AD targets soluble aggregates of beta-amyloid.

Lecanemab

500

This FDA approved disease modifying antibody for early AD and targets deposited amyloid plaques.

Donanemab