Symptoms
The three categories of symptoms, including behavior and personality changes, communication difficulties, and movement disorders, are associated with which etiology?
Frontotemporal Dementia
Name the etiologies associated with cortical damage.
Alzheimer's Disease and Frontotemporal Dementia
This patient has a subcortical disease with damage to basal ganglia. Symptoms include rigidity, poor initiation, impulsivity, and word finding difficulties
Label all 7 cognitive stages.
Stage 1: No impairment
Stage 2: Very mild decline
Stage 3: Mild decline
Stage 4: Moderate decline
Stage 5: Moderately severe decline
Stage 6: Severe decline
Stave 7: Very severe decline
True or False: Dementia is a mild cognitive impairment.
False. Dementia can result in a mild cognitive impairment but it is not considered one.
Communication at the end stage of dementia looks like __________.
Nonverbal, empty speech, progressive dysphagia, may not respond to name, and unresponsive to social stimuli
Identify the disease which is a result of the brain unable to produce dopamine (results in basal ganglia dysfunction).
Parkinson's disease
This person is starting to have memory lapses, such as forgetting the name of her favorite tv show and forgetting where she put her eyeglasses. What stage is this?
Stage 2: Very Mild Decline
Alzheimer-like tendencies start emerging on this stage _______.
Early stage Alzheimer's is IDENTIFIED during this stage ______.
Stage 2 (very mild decline)
Stage 4 (moderate decline)
Most common form of dementia is ___________.
Alzheimer's
Describe a expressive language in early stage dementia.
For expressive language, word retrieval starts becoming a problem as well as increased use of nonspecific language.
What are some interventions a nurse can do to help with wandering?
Activities like folding laundry, maintain a schedule, provide for basic needs
This person has a combination of Pick's disease (for behavior and personality changes) and primary progressive aphasia (for communication difficulties).
Frontotemporal Dementia
Explain the difference between Stage 3 and Stage 4.
Stage 3 is mild decline while Stage 4 is Moderate Decline. Memory has become considerably impaired with short term memory being impacted. Problem solving with complex tasks becomes harder as well as navigating in social situations.
Aspiration pneumonia, anorexia, infections, and falls
Primary symptom of dementia is ______.
Memory loss
Dementia pts are sometimes wandering, what can cause them to wander?
Lack of exercise, overwhelmed in a congested or noisy area, pain, thirst, need for toileting
This person has a mixed dementia with severe adverse reaction to Parkinson's meds.
Dementia with Lew bodies
Identify Mid-Stage Alzheimer's and describe them.
Stage 5: Moderately severe decline (long term memory and short term memory are impaired, simple problem solving impacted)
Stage 6: Memory continues to worsen, personality changes occur, needs assistance with daily, tends to wander
Name one other impairment besides memory that would qualify someone for dementia.
Deficits in:
Expressive or receptive language skills
Recognition and identification of objects
Ability to execute motor activities
Executive functioning
True or False: A characteristic of dementia includes odd, repetitive, or inappropriate behaviors.
What is delirium?
This person exhibits symptoms of facial masking and difficulty with initiating motor activities, including speech and swallow. Dementia may develop a year later. Motor symptoms include tremors and rigidity.
Parkinson's Disease
Describe stage 7
Very severe decline with assistance for eating toileting; reflexes become impaired; muscles are rigid; little to no functional language and motor trunk control
During this stage, a person may be diagnosed with a mild cognitive impairment.
Stage 3: Mild Decline