Indexing-ing Your Knowledge
This index measures the presence and thickness of plaque at the gingival margin
Plaque Index (PI)
This term refers to being aware of and respectful toward cultural differences without judgment.
cultural sensitivity
This field studies the distribution and determinants of oral diseases in populations.
epidemiology
This scale of measurement classifies data into categories without any order.
nominal
This measure of central tendency is calculated by adding all values and dividing by the number of values.
mean
This value represents the probability results occurred by chance.
p-value
This variable is observed or measured to see if it changes in response to another variable.
dependent variable
This index records both soft debris and calculus on specific tooth surfaces.
OHI-S (Simplified Oral Hygiene Index)
This concept refers to the coexistence of diverse cultures within a society while maintaining their unique identities.
pluralism
This type of study follows a group of people over time to assess disease development based on exposure.
cohort study
This type of variable can only take certain separate values, like the number of participants who have gingivitis
discrete
This measure shows the difference between the largest and smallest values in a dataset.
range
A p-value less than this number is typically considered statistically significant.
0.05
This statistical test compares the means of two independent groups, such as plaque scores in two different treatments.
t-tests
This index measures decayed, missing, and filled primary teeth.
deft
This belief that one’s own culture is superior to others can negatively impact patient care.
ethnocentrism
This type of study compares individuals with a disease to those without to identify past exposures.
case-control study
This scale has equal intervals and a true zero, allowing ratios to be calculated, like weight or age.
ratio
This measure indicates how spread out data are around the mean, and it is smaller in tightly clustered data and larger in widely dispersed data.
standard deviation
This statistic ranges from -1 to +1 and indicates the strength and direction of a linear relationship between two variables. A value of 0.85 shows a strong positive association.
correlation coefficient
A researcher tests whether using a new mouth rinse reduces plaque scores. Which is the independent variable?
The type of mouth rinse used
This dental index measures gingival inflammation by assessing bleeding after gentle probing of the sulcus.
Sulcus Bleeding Index (SBI)
This process occurs when individuals adopt the dominant culture and may lose aspects of their original culture.
assimilation
This type of study randomly assigns participants to experimental and control groups to test an intervention.
randomized controlled trial (RCT)
This sampling method divides a population into subgroups and selects randomly from each subgroup.
stratified sampling
In a normally distributed dataset, about 68% of the data falls within one standard deviation of the mean, 95% within two, and 99.7% within three. This guideline is known as:
empirical rule
In a study testing a new fluoride varnish, this hypothesis states that there is no difference in plaque reduction between the new varnish and the standard varnish.
null hypothesis
This test evaluates whether there is a relationship between two categorical variables, such as gender and presence of gingivitis.
Chi-Square
In the DMFT index, this component represents teeth lost due to caries.
M (Missing)
This term describes the ability of healthcare providers to effectively deliver care that meets the social, cultural, and linguistic needs of patients.
cultural competency
This type of study describes characteristics of a population without analyzing relationships between variables.
descriptive study
This type of graph displays data as "slices", showing the proportion of each category relative to the whole.
Pie Chart
This type of skew occurs when the mean is less than the median, which is less than the mode
negative skew (left)
Rejecting a true null hypothesis is known as this type of error.
Type I error
This test compares the means of three or more groups, for example, comparing caries scores among three age groups.
ANOVA