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Eukaryotic Chromosomes
DNA Structure
DNA Replication
Telomeres
Protein Machinery
100
What are the major carriers of genetic information in Eukaryotes?
Chromosomes
100
What is paired with Thymine? What is paired is with Cytosine?
Thymine binds to Adenine, and Cytosine binds to Guanine.
100
What is a process in which a double helix gives rise to two double helices, each with an "old" strand and a newly synthesized strand?
DNA replication
100
What is the protective end cap that helps chromosomes retain their genetic information?
telomeres
100
What are the specific sites on the DNA molecule called where DNA replication begins?
origins of replication
200
What protein facilitates chromosome packaging?
Histones
200
What is the difference between bacterial cell DNA and Eukaryotic cell DNA?
In Bacterial cells, the DNA is circular. In the Eukaryotic cells, the DNA is linear.
200
What are genetic changes that are transmitted faithfully to succeeding generations?
mutations
200
What do telomeres consist of?
Short, simple non-coding DNA sequences
200
What are helix-destabilizing enzymes that bind to dNA at the origin of replication and break hydrogen bonds, seperating the two strands?
DNA helicases
300
What is a non histone protein that helps maintain chromosome structure?
Scaffolding
300
What types of bonds hold the double helix together and why?
Hydrogen bonds because they are weak which allows the double helix to pair with a new complementary nucleotide and replace its missing partner.
300
Scientists use this to separate DNA?
density gradient centrifugation
300
What is a special DNA enzyme that can lengthen telomeric DNA?
telomerase
300
What is the name of the y-shaped structure produced during the replication of DNA?
replication fork
400
What group of proteins required for chromosome compaction?
Condensin
400
Who came up with the double helix model?
Watson and Crick
400
What proof reads each newly added nucleotide against its template nucleotide?
DNA polymerases
400
What does the shortening of telomeres contribute to?
cell aging and apoptosis
400
What are the enzymes called that produce breaks in the DNA molecules and then rejoin the strands?
topoisomerases
500
What do nucleosomes consist of and what is their function?
They consist of eight histones and DNA. Their function is to keep DNA from becoming tangled.
500
What powerful method can determine the distances between the atoms of molecules arranged in a regular, repeating crystalline structures?
x-ray diffraction
500
What is it called when special enzymes recognize the incorrectly paired nucleotides and remove them?
mismatch repair
500
How does the presence of tolemerase in cancer cells allow them to be resistant to apoptosis?
It allows them to maintain telomere length which allows them to replicate an unlimited number of times.
500
What prevents the double helix re-froming until the strands are replicated?
Single-strand binding proteins