Causes
Alterations in what regulation process inside the body can cause depression?
Hormonal
Which type of depression lasts for a long period of time?
Persistent Depressive Disorder
In Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorders, symptoms increase significantly or appear with the onset of menstruation? (True or False)
False - symptoms decrease or disappear
What is the washout period when switching from an MAOI to any SSRI?
2 Weeks
The body’s physiological and emotional response to internal or external challenges.
Stress
What theory states that negative thoughts can have a negative impact on your overall emotions?
Cognitive theory
Which type of depression is the most severe one and why?
Major depression because it can cause severe functional impairment and can also adversely affect interpersonal relationships
How long must adults or children have to experience recurrent depressive feelings before being diagnosed with Persistent Depressive Disorder?
Adults - at least 2 years
Children - at least 1 year
SSRI's and MAOI's used in combination carry a high risk of what side effect?
Serotonin Syndrome
An action you take to manage and reduce stress in your life, in a way that isn't going to be harmful or detrimental in the long term.
Positive Coping Skills
Research shows that this bodily process can play a role in the diagnosis of depression
Inflammatory process
What are the characteristics of most types of depression?
the feeling of sadness, tearfulness, or emptiness and hopelessness
Two or more of the following must be present in which depressive disorder: decreased appetite/overeating, insomnia or hypersomnia, low energy, poor self-esteem, difficulty thinking, and hopelessness?
Persistent Depressive Disorder
What is the most well-known NDRI?
Buproprion (Wellbutrin)
An unhealthy action that often provides instant gratification or relief, but has long-term negative consequences.
What model demonstrates the interplay of genetics, predisposition, biochemical make-up, and personality structure in relation to depression?
Diathesis-stress model
What are some types of depression?
Major depression, Persistent depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, postpartum depression
What are at least 3 symptoms that all Depressive Disorders share?
Sadness, emptiness, irritability, somatic (body) concerns, or impairment of thinking
What are the types of Antidepressants (4)?
TCAs, SSRIs, MAOIs, and SNRIs
A relaxation technique involving verbal instruction by the nurse to direct the patient away from stressful thoughts to focus on positive external images.
Guided imagery
Dysregulation of what 3 main neurotransmitters can cause clinical depression?
Serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine
How would you distinguish between normal depression and a major depressive disorder?
Major depression needs a total of at least five symptoms, whereas minor depression only needs a total of two symptoms present
For Major Depressive Disorder, which five symptoms must be present for a two-week period?
Weight loss/appetite changes, sleep disturbances/fatigue, worthlessness/guilt, inability to concentrate, and recurrent thoughts of deaths
What neurotransmitter receptor activity causes blurred vision, urinary hesitancy, dry mouth and constipation in TCAs?
anticholinergic activity
An abnormal state such as lowered body temperature and makes an adaptive response such as shivering to generate body heat to return the body to hormonal homeostasis.
Negative feedback response to stress