Malignancy
Exposure to UV radiation results in proliferation of undifferentiated basal cells; grow laterally and superiorly but do not invade vessels
What is basal cell carcinoma?
What is a minor trauma disrupts nail fold and allows pathogen entry?
Rash related to systemic viral infection
What is a viral exanthem?
Infection with Group A strep, S pyogenes, or S aureus in the upper dermal layers and clear demarcation of the infected area
What is erysipelas?
Autoimmune humoral response results in damage to endothelial cells and capillaries in muscles and connective tissue
What is dermatomyosis?
Tumor of cells in stratum basale; associated with genetic predisposition, UV exposure, fair hair, light skin, acquired nevi
What is melanoma?
T-cell mediated autoimmune response results in abnormal hair growth cycle
What is alopecia areata?
Pox-virus transmitted skin to skin and promotes proliferation of epidermal cells and grows down into dermis
Disease that occurs after primary infection with DNA virus causing invasion of keratinocytes and eventual vesicle formation and rupture in epidermis
What is zoster or shingles?
Immunoglobulin deposition is seen epidermal-dermal junction often results in malar rash
What is lupus?
Tumor of stratum spinosum after UV exposure; can be in situ or invasive
What is squamous cell carcinoma?
Normal skin flora take over often in setting of immunocompromise
What is candida (albicans or or glabrata) infection?
RNA viruses spread via respiratory droplets and result in viremia and rash
What are rubella and rubeola?
Viral infection with what pathogen of epithelial cells leads to fluid filled vesicles on the hands, feet, and mouth
What is coxsackie virus?
Autoimmune response results in accumulation of T-cells monocytes and products of inflammation result in formation of granuloma
What is sarcoidosis?
Vascular malignancy associated with HHV-8 and immunosupression
What is Kaposi sarcoma?
Elevated androgen and/or low estrogen levels results in transformation into vellus hair follicles
What is female -pattern baldness?
Exanthem caused by parvovirus B19; body tries to fight virally infected RBCs can cause severe presentations like aplastic anemia or more commonly the slapped-cheek appearance
What is eythema infectiousum?
Describe cellulitis
What is bacterial infection invades dermis +/- subcutaneous tissue?
Microangiopathy, inflammation and autoimmunity, and fibrosis
What is scleroderma?
Precursor to squamous cell carcinom?
What is actinic keratosis?
Trichophyton or other fungus feeds on keratin resulting in inflammation and loss of hair
What is ringworm?
Describe primary and secondary infection of HSV
What is
Primary infection - virus invades epithelial cells
Secondary infection - trigger reactivates the virus (UV light, fatigue)
S. aureus (or GAS) infection of epidermis and superficial dermis layers results in decreased desmosomal connections and honey-crusted vesicles
What is impetigo?
Autoimmune condition where melanocytes are destroyed (not a superficial fungal infection)
What is vitiligo (and not tinea versicolor)?