Dermatitis1
Eczema has this definition
An inflammatory skin condition that causes itchiness, dry skin, rashes, scaly patches, blisters, and skin infections.
Atopy is defined as this.
A genetic predisposition for developing allergic diseases of immune system dysfunction.
Allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis are this kind of disorder
Atopic
A very common, chronic condition that often begins in childhood. It is often associated with other atopic conditions such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. Its etiology is not fully understood.
These are the three components of the pathophysiology of Atopic dermatitis.
Impaired skin barrier, Dysregulated immune system, and Genetic/Environmental susceptibility
This gene is said to play a role as a risk factor for atopic dermatitis
FLG Gene
This feature is described as the primary symptom of atopic dermatitis
Itch (pruritus)
In infants and young children, Atopic Dermatitis commonly presents on these places on the body.
In older children and adolescents, this is where Atopic Dermatitis usually presents.
Flexural Areas (neck, underside of elbows, wrists, underside of knee, ankles)
in Adults, Atopic dermatitis usually presents here
Head, Arms, Legs, back of knees
People with atopic dermatitis experience an impaired skin barrier. This is the underlying pathophysiology.
Filaggrin protein deficiency, leading to transepidermal water loss.
Atopic dermatitis presents differently on different types of skin. On someone with dark skin, you may observe it to look like this.
Brown/Purple tinged, Papular, Large pigment change, and Follicular prominence.
Noah presents to the pharmacy with inflamed, dry skin with localized erythema. He has limited itching and has not really had his quality of life effected. You "diagnose" him with this condition:
Mild atopic dermatitis.
Makayla presents to the pharmacy with Localized excoriation and thickening, frequent itching, and is struggling to sleep. These signs are having an impact on quality of life. Your "diagnosis" is:
Moderate Atopic dermatitis.
Chief Keef comes to the pharmacy presenting with widespread, inflamed, dry skin covering over 30% of his total body area. He has severe itching with excoriations. His lesions are bleeding, cracking, and you observe pigment changes on his body surfaces. He cannot sleep. You diagnose him with ______ and refer.
Severe atopic dermatitis.
These are the 9 risk/aggravating factors associated with Atopic Dermatitis.
Genetics, Family history, Environmental allergens/Irritant exposure, Climate, Sweating, Stress, Skin dysbiosis, Infections, Scratching.
Mild-Moderate atopic dermatitis.
Severe symptoms, Palms/Soles affected, Diagnosis is unclear, Treatment has been ineffective, Secondary infection, suspected drug reaction.
This weird strategy can be used in cases of moderate-severe atopic dermatitis to reduce the chance of secondary infection due to the antimicrobial properties of this dilute fluid.
Bleach Bath
Systemic agents can be used in atopic dermatitis in these instances:
Severe/Refractory cases or those unable to tolerate topicals.
This cycle is known as the Itch-Scratch cycle. It is composed of these 5 steps.
Defective skin barrier -> Upregulation of inflammatory and immune cells -> Skin nerve fibres tell brain it's itchy -> Scratching helps relieve the itch and is rewarding to the brain -> Scratching causes further damage to the skin.
These 5 systemic agents (classes) can be used for atopic dermatitis.
Biologics, JAK Inhibitors, Immunosuppressants, Corticosteroids, Retinoids.
These pharmacologic options are always used in cases of Atopic dermatitis.
Moisturizers and Skin Care.
These options are used often as pharmocologic therapy for atopic dermatitis in Mild, moderate, and severe disease.
Topical Corticosteroids, Topical Calcineurin Inhibitors.
These drug classes are sometimes used in Mild or Moderate atopic dermatitis.
Topical PDE-4 inhibitors or topical JAK inhibitors.